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PEDS > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Mortality rate for pediatric cancer?

A

40%

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1
Q

Children < 9 yo most likely have what cancer?

A

Leukemia

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2
Q

Children 10-19 yo most likely have what cancer?

A

Lymphoma

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3
Q

What is the most common childhood cancer?

A

Leukemia (33%)

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4
Q

ALL incidence peaks at what age?

A

4 yo

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5
Q

Dx of ALL?

A
  • FAB morphology
  • Plt count < 100,00
  • Blast cells on peripheral smear
  • Bone marrow aspirate for confirmation
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6
Q

What is the Tx of ALL?

A

Radiation + Chemotherapy

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7
Q

What are (2) PE signs of ALL?

A
  • Splenomegaly
  • Mediastinal mass
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8
Q

20% of childhood cancers are what type of leukemia?

A

AML

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9
Q

AML incidence is increased at what age?

A

1-10 yo

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10
Q

AML incidence increases during what period of growth?

A

Adolescence

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11
Q

What is the 3rd most common childhood cancer?

A

Lymphoma

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12
Q

What is a cardinal histologic feature of lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg Cells

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13
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells are diagnostic for what type of lymphoma?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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14
Q

You should suspect lymphoma after mono (EBV) if what occurs?

A

Lymphadenopathy that does not resolve

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15
Q

What lymph nodes are commonly enlarged in lymphoma?

A

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

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16
Q

What is diagnostic procedure for lymphoma?

A

Biopsy

17
Q

What is Ann Arbor Stage I lymphoma?

A

Single node or single site (100% cure rate)

Radiation only

18
Q

What is Ann Arbor Stage II lymphoma?

A

≥2 lymph nodes or regions on the same side of the diaphragm

Radiation only

19
Q

What is Ann Arbor Stage III lymphoma?

A

Lymph node regions on both sides of diaphragm

Chemotherapy alone or with radiation

20
Q

What is Ann Arbor Stage IV lymphoma?

A

Disseminated disease: Lung, Bone, Bone Marrow, Liver

Chemotherapy alone or with radiation

21
Q

Neuroblastoma originates from which cells?

A

Neural crest cells

22
Q

What is the most common solid extra-cranial childhood tumor?

A

Neuroblastoma

23
Q

What is the median age of neuroblastoma development?

A

2 yo

24
Q

What are the S/Sx of neuroblastoma?

A
  • Pseudorosettes on biopsy
  • Bluish tinged SQ nodules
  • Abdominal swelling

Blueberry Muffin

25
Q

Excessive VMA in urinalysis leads you to the suspicion of what childhood cancer?

A

Neuroblastoma

26
Q

What is the most common childhood renal tumor?

A

Wilms Tumor

27
Q

What are common features to Wilms tumor patients?

A
  • HTN
  • Hematuria
  • Hemihypertrophy (1 side bigger than other)
  • Aniridia (absence of iris)
28
Q

Myc amplification is seen in what disease?

A

Neuroblastoma

29
Q

Translocation 15;17 is noted in which cancer?

A

AML; Acute promyelocytic

30
Q

What translocation is not for a poor prognosis in ALL is noted in what cancer?

A

4;11

31
Q

What is the translocation noted in ALL/CML?

A

Philadelphia Chromosome (9;22)

32
Q

Leukemia has an increased incidence in what pediatric population?

A

Down Syndrome patients

33
Q

What are common sites of leukemia relapse?

A
  • Bone marrow (repeat chemo & possible BM transplant)
  • Testicles
  • CNS
34
Q

What are good prognostic features of bone marrow transplant for leukemia?

A
  • 1-10 yo
  • WBC < 100,000
  • Lack of Mediastinal mass or CNS involvement
  • B-cell immunophenotyped
  • 12;21 translocation
35
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells appear like what type of animal?

A

Owl

36
Q

What type of translocation means a poor prognosis for neuroblastoma?

A

myc translocation

37
Q

What type of scan is recommended to evaluate for metastasis of neuroblastoma?

A

MIBG scan

38
Q

What is the Tx of a localized neuroblastoma?

A

complete surgical resection (curative)

39
Q

What is the Tx of advanced neuroblastoma?

A

Chemo then surgery

40
Q

What do pseudorosettes mean for a neuroblastoma patient?

A
  • Clumps of tumor cells in biopsy
  • Means metastasis to bone marrow (likely)
41
Q

What does ecchymosis of proptosis mean for neuroblastoma patients?

A
  • Spread to orbits
  • Can look like abuse

PEDS (7 decks)

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