Hematology

Question 1

What factors affect the rate of gas exchange from the lungs to the red blood cells?

Answer 1

• Fever
• 2,3-BPG
• Acidosis

Question 2

How does decreased Hgb affect oxygenation?

Answer 2

• leads to hypoxia
• Release of erythropoietin

To increase Hgb and oxygenation

Question 3

A reticulocyte will appear in the blood smear of someone with what condition?

Answer 3

Anemia

Question 4

What are (3) causes of anemia?

Answer 4

• Hemorrhage
• Increased RBC destruction (hemolysis)
• Decreased production (by bone marrow)

Question 5

What is hypochromic anemia?

Answer 5

• Decreased hgb
• Pallor

Question 6

What is microcytic anemia?

Answer 6

• Decreased RBC volume
• Decreased RBC size

Question 7

Chronic infection can facilitate what type of anemia?

Answer 7

Hypochromic, microcytic

Question 8

Thalassemia minor can facilitate what type of anemia?

Answer 8

Hypochromic, Microcytic

Question 9

What is the basis of thalassemia minor mediated anemia?

Answer 9

• Genetic decrease in Hgb production
• Ineffective erythropoiesis leading to an imbalance in α and β chain synthesis

Question 10

What type of anemia is noted to be caused by lead poisoning?

Answer 10

Hypochromic, microcytic

Question 11

How does lead poisoning cause anemia?

Answer 11

• Decreased erythropoiesis
• Increased hemolysis

Question 12

How does iron deficiency lead to anemia?

Answer 12

Decreased ability to generate heme

Question 13

When is iron deficiency anemia most common?

Answer 13

10-18 months (1-1.5 yo)

Question 14

What is a common dietary cause of iron deficiency anemia in pediatrics under the age of 12 mo?

Answer 14

Milk

Question 15

What are S/Sx of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 15

• Spooning fingernails (koilonychia)
• Pale palmar crease
• Check conjunctiva

Question 16

What should you check in 2 weeks to check for an improvement in iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 16

Reticulocyte count

Hgb won’t increase in time

Question 17

What type of anemia is noted to be caused by iron deficiency?

Answer 17

Hypochromic, microcytic

Question 18

What are common causes of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 18

• B12 deficiency
• Folate deficiency
• Medication interactions

Question 19

How does folate deficiency anemia present?

Answer 19

Hypersegmented PMNs

Question 20

What type of milk can cause folate defiency anemia?

Answer 20

Goat’s milk

Question 21

What is the MCV value for macrocytic anemia?

Answer 21

> 100

Question 22

How does idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura present?

Answer 22

• Tiny petechiae
• larger ecchymosis
• purpura on oral mucosa & retina
• hematuria
• megakaryocytes on bone marrow sample

Question 23

How does Tar syndrome present?

Answer 23

• Malformed arms
• Petechiae on body
• Low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

Question 24

How does Kasabach Merrit Syndrome present?

Answer 24

• Hemangiomas
• Low platelet count

Question 25

How does hereditary spherocytosis lead to hemolytic anemia?

Answer 25

Perfectly round RBCs that get stuck in spleen

Question 26

What is the Tx for hereditary spherocytosis?

Answer 26

Splenectomy

Question 27

What is the inheritance pattern of hereditary spherocytosis?

Answer 27

Autosomal dominant

Question 28

How does G6PD deficiency anemia present?

Answer 28

• Yellow sclera
• Blister cells with Hgb condensed in nonblistering region
• Can be after dose of fava beans or Abx

Question 29

What type of anemia is caused by G6PD deficiency in those who have taken fava beans?

Answer 29

Hemolytic

Question 30

What are characteristics of Sickle Cell crisis?

Answer 30

• Vaso-occlusion
• Sequestration

Question 31

What are S/Sx of Sickle Cell disease?

Answer 31

• Priapism
• Dactylitis
• Maxillary hyperplasia