Oncology Flashcards
Cancer is the
mutation in the DNA of the cells
- genetics
- carcinogenic environmental
-sedentary lifestyle
What percentage of cancer is hereditary?
5-20
What are the good genes for the human body?
Proto-oncogene
Tumor suppressor gene
Proto-oncogene does what in the body
controls the growth of cells
Oncogene does what in the body?
uncontrolled cell growth
- mutated proto-oncogene
The tumor suppressor gene does what in the body?
slows down a cellular division
causes cell death
The mutated tumor suppressor gene does what in the human body?
uncontrolled cell growth
What are the “bad genes’ involved in cancer?
oncogene
mutated tumor suppressor gene
The differentiated cells show the
maturity or development of tumor cells
The more it resembles normal tissue the _________ it is to treat.
easier
Well-differentiated cells characteristics
resemble normal cells; mature
function more like a normal cell
grow at a slower rate
less aggressive
typically benign
Poorly differentiated cells characteristics
do not resemble normal cells
immature cells
lack of structure/function
aggressive
typically malignant
Every average person has what genes?
Proto-oncogene
Tumor suppressor gene
From the Biopsy, the pathologist determines
grade and differentiation
What differentiation is harder to treat?
poorly diff.
Benign
not cancer
- tumor cells grow only locally and can’t spread by invasion or metastasis
Malignant
cancerous
- invade neighboring tissues, enter blood vessels, and metastasize to different sites
Metastasize means
spread from the primary location
Characteristics of a Benign tumor
well differentiated
expands (encapsulated)
slow growth
NO METASTASIS
localized effects
no destruction unless blood flow impaired
What is the morbidity level of a benign tumor? unless?
minimum
unless location interferes with vital organs
Characteristics of malignant tumor
poorly differentiated cells
sends out projections to infiltrate and destroy
growth rate variable
YES METASTASIS
generalized effects (anemia, weakness, wt. loss)
extensive destruction
- excretes toxins and uses up blood supply
What is the morbidity of a malignant tumor? unless?
high
unless growth and spread can be controlled/halted
What tumor has the potential to metastasize?
malignant
If cancer has metastasized to another organ, is the cancer name changed or does it stay the same?
Ex) Starts out as Liver cancer, then spreads to the stomach
The name stays the same
still Liver cancer (primary)