Anemia Flashcards
Anemia definition
condition of blood lacking adequate healthy RBCs
Most common causes of Anemia
acute blood loss
decreased or faulty RBC production
destruction of RBCs
Patients with anemia crave
ice chips
Chronic Anemia can be caused by
cancer
immunodeficiency syndrome
renal disease
liver disease
autoimmune conditions
What nutritional deficiency can cause chronic anemia?
iron
folate
vitamin B
Hereditary causes of chronic anemia
sickle cell
thalassemia
Acute anemia
surgical pt
active bleeding-trauma
immunocompromised pt
How do you treat anemia?
treat the cause of anemia
S/S of Anemia
fatigue
weakness
pallor
SOB
dysrhythmia
chest pain
tachycardia
cool extremities
What are nursing interventions for anemia
administer blood products
hematopoietic drugs
encourage a diet rich in deficient nutrient
control source of acute bleeding
Iron deficency anemia
iron stores depleted
- decrease iron supplies for the manufacturing of hemoglobin in RBCs
Iron deficiency anemia results from
Hemoglobin carries
O2
Iron deficiency interventions
increase oral intake of iron
increase food choices high in iron
iron supplements
IM injection with Ztrack
IV administration in severe cases
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia types
Macrocytic anemia
pernicious anemia
Macrocytic anemia is
inadequate intake of B12
or lack lack of absorption of ingested B12
Pernicious anemia is
deficiency of intrinsic factor
Intrinsic factor is secreted by
gastric mucosa
Pernicious anemia is caused by
surgery or gastric disease
Assessment of B12 Anemia
severe pallor
fatigue
weight loss
smooth, beefy red tongue
Intervention B12 Deficiency
increase dietary intake of food rick with B12
administer B12 injections if lack of absorption
What foods are rich in B12?
meat, poultry, fish shellfish, eggs, dairy, citrus fruits, dried beans, green leafy veggies,liver, nuts,
Folate deficiency anemia aka
macrocytic anemia
In folate anemia, RBCs are
larger and oval shaped
Causes of Folate Deficiency anemia
Celiac disease
Crohn’s disease
small bowel obstruction
pregnancy
alcoholism (malabsorption)
Folate deficiency anemia s/s
dyspepsia
smooth beefy, red tongue
pallor, fatigue, weakness
tinnitus (ear issues)
tachycardia
Interventions of Folate deficiency anemia
a diet rich in folic acid
administer folic acid
Food rich in Folic acid
orange juice, avocado, fish, beans ,liver, green leafy veggies
Dyspepsia
discomfort in the upper abdomen
Celiac disease
immune reaction to eating gluten
- inflammation and antibodies destroy gluten molecules
- damage mucous membrane lining the s. intestine
Crohn’s disease
- a type of IBD
- swelling of tissues (inflammation) in digestive tract
leads to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition
