Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia definition

A

condition of blood lacking adequate healthy RBCs

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2
Q

Most common causes of Anemia

A

acute blood loss
decreased or faulty RBC production
destruction of RBCs

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3
Q

Patients with anemia crave

A

ice chips

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4
Q

Chronic Anemia can be caused by

A

cancer
immunodeficiency syndrome
renal disease
liver disease
autoimmune conditions

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5
Q

What nutritional deficiency can cause chronic anemia?

A

iron
folate
vitamin B

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6
Q

Hereditary causes of chronic anemia

A

sickle cell
thalassemia

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7
Q

Acute anemia

A

surgical pt
active bleeding-trauma
immunocompromised pt

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8
Q

How do you treat anemia?

A

treat the cause of anemia

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9
Q

S/S of Anemia

A

fatigue
weakness
pallor
SOB
dysrhythmia
chest pain
tachycardia
cool extremities

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10
Q

What are nursing interventions for anemia

A

administer blood products
hematopoietic drugs
encourage a diet rich in deficient nutrient
control source of acute bleeding

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11
Q

Iron deficency anemia

A

iron stores depleted
- decrease iron supplies for the manufacturing of hemoglobin in RBCs

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12
Q

Iron deficiency anemia results from

A
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13
Q

Hemoglobin carries

A

O2

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14
Q

Iron deficiency interventions

A

increase oral intake of iron
increase food choices high in iron
iron supplements
IM injection with Ztrack
IV administration in severe cases

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15
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia types

A

Macrocytic anemia
pernicious anemia

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16
Q

Macrocytic anemia is

A

inadequate intake of B12
or lack lack of absorption of ingested B12

17
Q

Pernicious anemia is

A

deficiency of intrinsic factor

18
Q

Intrinsic factor is secreted by

A

gastric mucosa

19
Q

Pernicious anemia is caused by

A

surgery or gastric disease

20
Q

Assessment of B12 Anemia

A

severe pallor
fatigue
weight loss
smooth, beefy red tongue

21
Q

Intervention B12 Deficiency

A

increase dietary intake of food rick with B12
administer B12 injections if lack of absorption

22
Q

What foods are rich in B12?

A

meat, poultry, fish shellfish, eggs, dairy, citrus fruits, dried beans, green leafy veggies,liver, nuts,

23
Q

Folate deficiency anemia aka

A

macrocytic anemia

24
Q

In folate anemia, RBCs are

A

larger and oval shaped

25
Causes of Folate Deficiency anemia
Celiac disease Crohn's disease small bowel obstruction pregnancy alcoholism (malabsorption)
26
Folate deficiency anemia s/s
dyspepsia smooth beefy, red tongue pallor, fatigue, weakness tinnitus (ear issues) tachycardia
27
Interventions of Folate deficiency anemia
a diet rich in folic acid administer folic acid
28
Food rich in Folic acid
orange juice, avocado, fish, beans ,liver, green leafy veggies
29
Dyspepsia
discomfort in the upper abdomen
30
Celiac disease
immune reaction to eating gluten - inflammation and antibodies destroy gluten molecules - damage mucous membrane lining the s. intestine
31
Crohn's disease
- a type of IBD - swelling of tissues (inflammation) in digestive tract leads to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition