oncology Flashcards
bcc
most common skin cancer
found in sun exposed areas,locally invasive ,rarely metastasized
waxy pink pearly nodules commonly with talangectasias ,rolled borders,central crusting or ulceration ,
bcc can appear as a non healing ulcer with infilterating growth or scaling plaques,basal cell tumor have palisading alligned nuclei
squamous cell ca
chronic nonealing wounds ,occasional arsenic exposure commonly on face lower lip ears ,locally invasive ,may spread to lymph nodes and will rarely metastasize ulcerative red lesions ,keratin pearls
melanoma
s100 ,ass with dysplastic nevi ,braf kinase ,advanced melanoma also treated with immunotherapy (ipilimumab) and braf inhibitors vemurafenib
osteochondroma
pbt
young…metaphysis of long bones ,lateral bony projection of growth plate,covered by cartilaginous cap rarely transforms to chondrosacroma
osteoma ,osteiod osteoma
osteoblastoma
1-gardners
2-adults <25 ,males>females, cortex of long bones ,presents as bone pain (worse at night ) that is relieved by nsaids. bony mass <2cm with radiolucent osteoid core
3-vertebra ,same as osteoid osteoma
gaint cell tumor
epiphysis of long bone ,locally aggressive ,rank l abd reactive multinucleated gaint cells ,soap bubble appearance
osteosarcoma
accounts for 20% of the 1ry bone ca,
peak incidence in young
in elderly 2ndry to predisposing factors ‘
in metaphysis of long bones
pleomorphic osteoid producing cells
presents as painful enlarging mass
codman triangle from elevation of the periosteum
or sunburst pattern
aggresive primary usually responsive to treatment .poor prognosis for 2ndry
ewing sarcoms
males less than 15
DIAPHYSIS OF LONG BONES
anaplastic smallblue cells of neuroectodermal origin
differentiate from conditions with similar morphology
t11:22 fusion protien ews f11 onion skin periosteal reaction
aggressive with early mets responsive to chemo
