cardio

Question 1

ca channel blockers dihydropyridines

Answer 1

clevidepine amlodipine ,nicardipine ,nimodipine
block voltage dependant l type ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle ,dec muscle contractility
in vascular sm , amlodipine = nifedipine >diltaizam >verapamil
dihydropyridine except nimodipine used for htn angina vasospastic type and raynaud phenomenon
nimodipine prevents cerebral vasospasm in subarchanoid hemorrhage ,nicardipine ,clevidipine ,htn urgency or emergency
nondihydropyridines :htn ,angina ,atrial fibrillation and flutter

Question 2

ca channel blockers adverse effecrs

Answer 2

diyhydropyridine peripheral edema flushing dizziness

nondihydropyridine ,cardiac depression av block hyperprolactinemia verapamil constipation

Question 3

hydralazine

Answer 3

cGMP smooth muscle relaxation vasodilates arterioles >veins afterload reduction
severe htn ,particulary acute hf with organic nitrate ,safe to use during pregnancy frequently co administered with b b to prevent reflex tachycardia
a/e compensatory tachycardia ,contraindicated in angina cad ,fluid retention ,headache ,angina , drug induced lupus

Question 4

,nitroprusside

Answer 4

short acting vasodilator arteries =veins ,inc cgmp via release of no can cause cyananide toxicity releases cyanide

Question 5

fenoldopam

Answer 5

dopamine d1 receptor agonist coronary peripheral renal splanchnic vasodilation, dec bp inc natriuresis , also used post operatively as an antihypertensive can cause hypotension tachycardia flushing headache nausea

Question 6

nitrates nitroglycerin isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide mononitrate

Answer 6

vasodilate by inc no in vascular smooth muscle inc cgmp and smooth muscle relaxation dilate veins more than arteries dec preload
use in angina coronary artery syndrome pulm edema

Question 7

nitrates a e

Answer 7

reflex tachycardia ,treat with beta blockers hypotension flushing ,headache ,development of tolerance ,monday disease tachycardia dizziness upon reexposure
contraindicated in rv infarction hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and concurrent pde5 inhibitor use

Question 7

nitrates a e

Answer 7

reflex tachycardia ,treat with beta blockers hypotension flushing ,headache ,development of tolerance ,monday disease tachycardia dizziness upon reexposure
contraindicated in rv infarction hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and concurrent pde5 inhibitor use