Oncology Flashcards
Which of the following describes the process by which normal cells undergo physical and structural changes as they develop to form different tissues of the body?
a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia
differentiation
Which of the following describes a disorganization of cells in which an adult cell varies from its normal size, shape or organization?
a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia
dysplasia
Which of the following describes the first level of dysplasia it is a reversible and benign but abnormal change in which one adult cell changes from one type to another?
a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia
metaplasia
Which of the following is described as an increase in the number of cells in tissue, resulting in increased tissue mass?
a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia
hyperplasia
_ means the cancer is contained
carcinoma in site
Staging refers to the
size extent amount spread where it is located how many tumors are present
What is the most common and distressing side effect of cancer treatment
cancer-related fatigue
Cancer-related fatigue can make it hard to
be with friends and family
do daily activities
follow treatment plan
What are the common causes of cancer?
environmental
viral
genetic
What are risk factors for cancer?
advancing age lifestyle geographic location and environmental variables ethnicity precancerous lesions stress
In which stage is exercise and diet the most effective for cancer rehab?
a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative
preventative
This stage of rehab is described as back to function before cancer
a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative
restorative
During this stage, therapy should focus on preventing disease from causing more problems
a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative
supportive
During this stage, therapy is focused on comfort care, minimizing further complications, decrease pain with no expectation of change in gains
a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative
palliative
Identify common MS issues in pts with cancer
chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy spinal accessory nerve palsy shoulder dysfunction hip pain pelvic floor stenosis
Chemo therapy can induce peripheral neuropathy (true/false)
true
List the 5 common sites of metastasis
lymph nodes liver lung bone brain
This site of metastatsis is usually due to previous cancer-related surgery or adverse effects involving radiation fibrosis
a. lymph nodes
b. liver
c. bone
d. lung
lymph nodes
Which site of cancer is the most ominous sign of advanced cancer?
a. lymph nodes
b. liver
c. bone
d. brain
liver
What is the most common site of all metastatic tumors?
a. liver
b. lung
c. bone
d. brain
lung
What is the primary metastatic site for the stomach, colorectal and pancreas tumors?
a. liver
b. lung
c. bone
d. brain
lung
What site of cancer is marked by areas of decreased bone density
a. osteolytic
b. osteoblastic
osteolytic
What site of cancer is marked by areas of increased bone density
a. osteolytic
b. osteoblastic
osteoblastic
Which two types of cancer metastasize to the brain?
a. liver and lung
b. lung and bone
c. lung and breast
d. breast and bone
lung and breast
What are ways to treat cancer patients with pain?
positioning exercise garments/splints assistive devices activity modification
Treatment-related pain can be due to
post surgical
neuropathic pain related to chemo
post-radiation pain
What will you see in the clinic?
pain cancer related fatigue lmyphedema Exercise prescription MS concern
This term is described as tumors producing signs and symptoms at a site distant from the tumor or metastasized sites, it produces local effects and systemic signs
a. dysplasia
b. metaplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. paneoplastic syndrome
paneoplastic syndrome
What term means the cancer has spread?
a. differentiation
b. metaplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. metastatic
metastatic
tumors can stimulate _ which allows them to grow and eventually spread
angiogenesis
What is the first initial sign of lung cancer?
dry persistent cough
What are the 3 primary sites responsible for bone disease?
a. liver, lung, breast
b. lung, breast, prostate
c. lung, brain, prostate
d. breast, prostate, liver
lung, breast, prostate
The clinical manifestation of this cancer is dependent on location
a. lung
b. liver
c. bone
d. brain
brain
metaplasia: First level of dysplasia, it is _ and _ but _ change in which one adult cell changes from one type to another
reversible
benign
abnormal
Benign growths are considered harmless (true/false)
true
A neoplasm can be classified as
cell type
tissue of origin
degree of differentiation
anatomic site
How does PT fit in with rehab for survivors?
surveillance of cancer spread, recurrence or second cancers
assessment of medical and psychosocial late effects
intervention for consequences of cancer and its treatment
coordination between specialists primary care providers to ensure the survivors health needs are met
Pain from surgery can be due to
incision
nerve pain
muscle pain
Pain from radiation can be due to
fibrosis
myofacial pain
Pain from chemotherapy can be due to
neuropathy
arthralgias/myalgias
Pain directly from cancer can be because of
tumor infiltration
Pain from overuse can be because of
carpal tunnel syndrome
low back pain
lateral epicondylitis
DeQueirvains
What is a red flag related to cancer?
constant pain
