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Patho > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following describes the process by which normal cells undergo physical and structural changes as they develop to form different tissues of the body?

a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia

A

differentiation

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2
Q

Which of the following describes a disorganization of cells in which an adult cell varies from its normal size, shape or organization?

a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia

A

dysplasia

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3
Q

Which of the following describes the first level of dysplasia it is a reversible and benign but abnormal change in which one adult cell changes from one type to another?

a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia

A

metaplasia

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4
Q

Which of the following is described as an increase in the number of cells in tissue, resulting in increased tissue mass?

a. differentiation
b. dysplasia
c. metaplasia
d. hyperplasia

A

hyperplasia

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5
Q

_ means the cancer is contained

A

carcinoma in site

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6
Q

Staging refers to the

A 
size 
extent 
amount spread 
where it is located 
how many tumors are present
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7
Q

What is the most common and distressing side effect of cancer treatment

A

cancer-related fatigue

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8
Q

Cancer-related fatigue can make it hard to

A

be with friends and family
do daily activities
follow treatment plan

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9
Q

What are the common causes of cancer?

A

environmental
viral
genetic

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10
Q

What are risk factors for cancer?

A 
advancing age
lifestyle 
geographic location and environmental variables
ethnicity
precancerous lesions
stress
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11
Q

In which stage is exercise and diet the most effective for cancer rehab?

a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative

A

preventative

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12
Q

This stage of rehab is described as back to function before cancer

a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative

A

restorative

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13
Q

During this stage, therapy should focus on preventing disease from causing more problems

a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative

A

supportive

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14
Q

During this stage, therapy is focused on comfort care, minimizing further complications, decrease pain with no expectation of change in gains

a. preventative
b. restorative
c. supportive
d. palliative

A

palliative

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15
Q

Identify common MS issues in pts with cancer

A 
chemo-induced peripheral neuropathy
spinal accessory nerve palsy 
shoulder dysfunction 
hip pain 
pelvic floor stenosis
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16
Q

Chemo therapy can induce peripheral neuropathy (true/false)

A

true

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17
Q

List the 5 common sites of metastasis

A 
lymph nodes
liver
lung
bone
brain
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18
Q

This site of metastatsis is usually due to previous cancer-related surgery or adverse effects involving radiation fibrosis

a. lymph nodes
b. liver
c. bone
d. lung

A

lymph nodes

19
Q

Which site of cancer is the most ominous sign of advanced cancer?

a. lymph nodes
b. liver
c. bone
d. brain

A

liver

20
Q

What is the most common site of all metastatic tumors?

a. liver
b. lung
c. bone
d. brain

A

lung

21
Q

What is the primary metastatic site for the stomach, colorectal and pancreas tumors?

a. liver
b. lung
c. bone
d. brain

A

lung

22
Q

What site of cancer is marked by areas of decreased bone density

a. osteolytic
b. osteoblastic

A

osteolytic

23
Q

What site of cancer is marked by areas of increased bone density

a. osteolytic
b. osteoblastic

A

osteoblastic

24
Q

Which two types of cancer metastasize to the brain?

a. liver and lung
b. lung and bone
c. lung and breast
d. breast and bone

A

lung and breast

25
Q

What are ways to treat cancer patients with pain?

A 
positioning
exercise
garments/splints
assistive devices
activity modification
26
Q

Treatment-related pain can be due to

A

post surgical
neuropathic pain related to chemo
post-radiation pain

27
Q

What will you see in the clinic?

A 
pain
cancer related fatigue
lmyphedema
Exercise prescription
MS concern
28
Q

This term is described as tumors producing signs and symptoms at a site distant from the tumor or metastasized sites, it produces local effects and systemic signs

a. dysplasia
b. metaplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. paneoplastic syndrome

A

paneoplastic syndrome

29
Q

What term means the cancer has spread?

a. differentiation
b. metaplasia
c. hyperplasia
d. metastatic

A

metastatic

30
Q

tumors can stimulate _ which allows them to grow and eventually spread

A

angiogenesis

31
Q

What is the first initial sign of lung cancer?

A

dry persistent cough

32
Q

What are the 3 primary sites responsible for bone disease?

a. liver, lung, breast
b. lung, breast, prostate
c. lung, brain, prostate
d. breast, prostate, liver

A

lung, breast, prostate

33
Q

The clinical manifestation of this cancer is dependent on location

a. lung
b. liver
c. bone
d. brain

A

brain

34
Q

metaplasia: First level of dysplasia, it is _ and _ but _ change in which one adult cell changes from one type to another

A

reversible
benign
abnormal

35
Q

Benign growths are considered harmless (true/false)

A

true

36
Q

A neoplasm can be classified as

A

cell type
tissue of origin
degree of differentiation
anatomic site

37
Q

How does PT fit in with rehab for survivors?

A

surveillance of cancer spread, recurrence or second cancers
assessment of medical and psychosocial late effects
intervention for consequences of cancer and its treatment
coordination between specialists primary care providers to ensure the survivors health needs are met

38
Q

Pain from surgery can be due to

A

incision
nerve pain
muscle pain

39
Q

Pain from radiation can be due to

A

fibrosis

myofacial pain

40
Q

Pain from chemotherapy can be due to

A

neuropathy

arthralgias/myalgias

41
Q

Pain directly from cancer can be because of

A

tumor infiltration

42
Q

Pain from overuse can be because of

A

carpal tunnel syndrome
low back pain
lateral epicondylitis
DeQueirvains

43
Q

What is a red flag related to cancer?

A

constant pain

Patho (6 decks)

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