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Patho > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

The function of red blood cells is to

a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system

A

transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin

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2
Q

Which of the following has the function of transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin

a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma

A

red blood cells

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3
Q

The function of white blood cells is to

a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system

A

help fight infection

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4
Q

List the 3 types of white blood cells

A

granulocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes

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5
Q

Which of the following has the function of helping fight infection?

a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma

A

white blood cells

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6
Q

The function of platelets is

a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system

A

cell fragments that help with blood clotting

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7
Q

Which of the following has the function of helping with blood clots?

a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma

A

platelets

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8
Q

The function of plasma is

a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system

A

straw-colored liquid which acts as a transport system

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9
Q

Which of the following has the function of acting as a transport system?

a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma

A

plasma

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10
Q

The formation of RBC in response to a decreased oxygen supply in the tissue is described as

a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia

A

erythropoiesis

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11
Q

A hormone produced in the kidneys which triggers erythropoiesis is described as

a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia

A

erythropoietin

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12
Q

The transient increase in number of leukocytes in the blood which may be a normal protective response of the body is described as

a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia

A

leukocytosis

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13
Q

A decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood below 5000/ml is described as

a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia

A

leukopenia

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14
Q

Anemia is described as

A

a decrease in red blood cells or subnormal hemoglobin levels

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15
Q

Is anemia disease or symptom?

A

symptom of many other disorders

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16
Q

What are the types of etiologic classifications of anemia?

A

excessive blood loss
destruction of erythrocytes
decreased production of erythrocytes

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17
Q

Examples of excessive blood loss

A

trauma
GI bleed
bleeding ulcer

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18
Q

Examples of the destruction of erythrocytes

A

sickle cell disease
hereditary
leukemia

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19
Q

Examples of decreased production of erythrocytes

A

chronic disease
bone marrow failure
nutritional deficiency

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20
Q

define the morphologic classification for normocytic

a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin

A

normal size

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21
Q

define the morphologic classification for macrocytic

a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin

A

abnormally large

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22
Q

define the morphologic classification for microcytic

a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin

A

abnormally small

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23
Q

define the morphologic classification for normochromic

a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin

A

normal hemoglobin

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24
Q

Which of the following is described as a high concentration of hemoglobin?

a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis

A

hyperchromic

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25
Q

Which of the following is described as a low concentration of hemoglobin?

a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis

A

hypochromic

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26
Q

Which of the following is described as various sizes?

a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis

A

anisocytosis

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27
Q

Which of the following is described as various shapes?

a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis

A

poikilocytosis

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28
Q

What causes a decreased production of erythrocytes?

A

nutritional issues
bone marrow failure
hemolytic anemia

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29
Q

Nutritional issues include deficiency in _ or _

A

folic acid deficiency

vitamin B12 deficiency

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30
Q

What type of deficiency is the result of inadequate diet or poor absorption caused by intestinal disease?

a. vitamin b12 deficiency
b. folic acid deficiency

A

folic acid deficiency

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31
Q

What type of deficiency is due to the intrinsic factor and its role in absorption?

a. vitamin b12 deficiency
b. folic acid deficiency

A

vitamin b12 deficiency

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32
Q

What can be the result of vitamin b12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor?

A

gastric resection/bypass

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33
Q

Anemia of chronic disease is described as

a. folic acid deficiency
b. vitamin b12 deficiency
c. bone marrow failure
d. hemolytic anemia

A

bone marrow failure

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34
Q

Bone Marrow failure pathogenesis

A

injured by drugs or chemicals
infiltrated by tumor
replaced by fibrous tissue

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35
Q

Treatment for bone marrow failure

A

blood transfusion

transplant highly selected cases

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36
Q

Hereditary hemolytic anemia is due to

A

abnormal hemoglobin
shape abnormalities
defective hemoglobin synthesis
enzyme defects

37
Q

An autoantibody attaches to a RBC and destroys it is describing:

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

38
Q

von Willebrand is a common _ disorder

A

bleeding disorder

39
Q

What are the bleeding tendencies with von Willebrand

A

early with epistaxis and easy bruising
GI tract during surgical procedures
excess loss of blood during menstruation

40
Q

Which of the following is described as an accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood?

a. acute lymphocytic leukemia
b. acute myelogenous leukemia
c. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

41
Q

What is described as a rapidly progressive, malignant disease of bone marrow and blood?

a. acute lymphocytic leukemia
b. acute myelogenous leukemia
c. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

acute lymphocytic leukemia

42
Q

Causes of acute lymphocytic leukemia:

A

usually unknown
possible environmental factors
chromosomal abnormalities

43
Q

What types of cells are involved in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

a. myeloid cells
b. monocytes
c. B cells
d. platelets

A

monocytes
blastic (immature)
acidic (mature)

44
Q

What population is most commonly impacted by Acute Lymphocytic leukemia?

a. children
b. adults

A

children under the age of 5

45
Q

The prognosis for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is (good/poor)

A

good for kids if caught soon enough

adults not as good

46
Q

List the clinical manifestations for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

neuological manifestations
headaches
vomiting
weakness

47
Q

pts with Acute Lymphocytic or Acute Myelogenous Leukemia are highly susceptible to _ and _

A

hemorrhage and infection

48
Q

Which of the following is described as an accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood?

a. acute lymphocytic leukemia
b. acute myelogenous leukemia
c. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

49
Q

Acute Myelogenous is caused by

a. poor diet and exercise
b. radiation, aplastic anemia, down syndrome, smoking
c. unknown
d. genetics

A

radiation, aplastic anemia, down syndrome, smoking

50
Q

What types of cells are involved in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

a. myeloid cells
b. monocytes
c. B cells
d. platelets

A

hematopoietic stem cell differentiated into myeloid cells

51
Q

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia mainly affects what population?

a. adults
b. kids

A

adults

52
Q

The prognosis for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia is (good/poor)

A

poor - more severe

53
Q

Which of the following is described as a malignant disease of bone marrow and blood?

a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
c. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
d. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

54
Q

Mutation of _ cells is responsible in most cases for _ Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

B cells

Chronic

55
Q

What are the causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

a. poor diet and exercise
b. radiation, aplastic anemia, down syndrome, smoking
c. unknown, genetics, predisposition
d. environmental factors

A

unknown, genetics, predisposition

56
Q

What type of cells are involved in Chronic Lymphocytic?

a. myeloid cells
b. monocytes
c. B cells
d. platelets

A

B cell mutation

neoblastic/cancerous cells resemble lymphocyte cells

57
Q

What population is most impacted by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

a. children
b. adults

A

adults

58
Q

Symptoms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia are (distinct/vague) or (symptomatic/asymptomatic)

A

asymptomatic

59
Q

Prognosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

A

varies based on host

60
Q

(higher/lower) risk with age for Chronic Lymphocytic

A

higher

61
Q

Clinical manifestations of Chronic Lymphocytic

a. fatigue, anorexia, splenomegaly, Philadelphia, asymptomatic
b. asymptomatic, extreme fatigue, splenomegaly, bone pain, weight loss, fever
c. neurological manifestations, headaches, vomiting, weakness
d. acute hemarthrosis, muscle hemorrhage, GI involvement, CNS involvement

A 
asymptomatic
extreme fatigue
splenomegaly
bone pain
weight loss
fever
62
Q

Which of the following is an increase in myeloid and erythroid cells and platelets in peripheral blood?

a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
c. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
d. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

63
Q

Chronic Myelogenous is marked by (hyperplasia/hypoplasia)

A

hyperplasia

64
Q

Chronic Myelogenous is caused by

a. poor diet and exercise
b. environmental factors
c. unknown, radiation, chromosomal abnormality
d. smoking

A

unknown, radiation, chromosomal abnormality

65
Q

Which type of cells are involved in Chronic Myelogenous?

a. B cells
b. monocytes
c. myeloid cells, erythoid cells, platelets
d. all of the above

A

myeloid cells, erythoid cells, platelets

66
Q

Chronic Myelogenous most commonly impacts what population?

a. children
b. adults

A

adults

67
Q

The prognosis for Chronic Myelogenous is (poor/good)

A

not good only if bone marrow transplant

68
Q

Clinical manifestations for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

a. fatigue, anorexia, splenomegaly, Philadelphia, asymptomatic
b. asymptomatic, extreme fatigue, splenomegaly, bone pain, weight loss, fever
c. neurological manifestations, headaches, vomiting, weakness
d. acute hemarthrosis, muscle hemorrhage, GI involvement, CNS involvement

A 
nonspecific signs and symptoms 
fatigue
anorexia
splenomegaly
asymptomatic
Philadelphia chromosome usually present
69
Q

Hemophilia is a _ disorder

A

bleeding disorder

70
Q

Hemophilia is a sex-linked autosomal (recessive/dominant) trait

A

recessive

71
Q

What are the two types of Hemophilia?

A

Type A clotting factor VIII

Type B clotting factor IX

72
Q

Which type of Hemophilia is more common?

a. Type A
b. Type B

A

Type A

73
Q

Hemophilia is caused by

A

abnormality of plasma-clotting factors necessary for coagulation

74
Q

Hemophilia bleeding time is _ and flow rate is _

A

prolonged

normal

75
Q

Clinical manifestations of Hemophilia

A

acute hemarthrosis (bleeding in the joint)
muscle hemorrhage
GI involvement
CNS involvement

76
Q

PT application for Hemophilia

A

exercise

be aware of signs and bleeding episode

77
Q

What are 3 types of lymphoid cells?

a. granulocytes, myocytes, lymphocytes
b. lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasma cells

A

lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasma cells

78
Q

The arrest of bleeding after a blood vessel injury

A

hemostasis

79
Q

What are 2 bleeding disorders?

A

Hemophilia

von Willebrand

80
Q

Primary Hemostasis is problems with

a. impaired VW factor
b. absence of VW factor
c. impaired tissue factor
d. absence of tissue factor

A

impaired VW factor

81
Q

Bone marrow failure is related to _ of chronic disease

A

anemia

82
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is more common than hereditary hemolytic anemia (true/false)

A

false

83
Q

What is the most common bleeding disorder?

a. Hemophilia
b. anemia
c. von Willebrand
d. Leukemia

A

von Willebrand

84
Q

In which type of Leukemia is the Philadelphia chromosome present?

a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
c. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
d. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

85
Q

Folic acid deficiency can be caused by _ disease

A

intestinal disease

86
Q

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is an _ of _ cells in the _ _ and _ _

A

accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood

87
Q

How is Acute Myelogenous managed?

A

chemotherapy reduced remission

88
Q

Typical Leukemia clinical manifestations

A 
fever
fatigue
loss of appetite 
infections
easily to bruise

Patho (6 decks)

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