Hematology Flashcards
The function of red blood cells is to
a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system
transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
Which of the following has the function of transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma
red blood cells
The function of white blood cells is to
a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system
help fight infection
List the 3 types of white blood cells
granulocytes
lymphocytes
monocytes
Which of the following has the function of helping fight infection?
a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma
white blood cells
The function of platelets is
a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system
cell fragments that help with blood clotting
Which of the following has the function of helping with blood clots?
a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma
platelets
The function of plasma is
a. transport oxygen to lungs and tissue through hemoglobin
b. help fight infection
c. help with blood clotting
d. acts as a transport system
straw-colored liquid which acts as a transport system
Which of the following has the function of acting as a transport system?
a. red blood cells
b. white blood cells
c. platelets
d. plasma
plasma
The formation of RBC in response to a decreased oxygen supply in the tissue is described as
a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia
erythropoiesis
A hormone produced in the kidneys which triggers erythropoiesis is described as
a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia
erythropoietin
The transient increase in number of leukocytes in the blood which may be a normal protective response of the body is described as
a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia
leukocytosis
A decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood below 5000/ml is described as
a. erythropoietin
b. erythropoiesis
c. leukocytosis
d. leukopenia
leukopenia
Anemia is described as
a decrease in red blood cells or subnormal hemoglobin levels
Is anemia disease or symptom?
symptom of many other disorders
What are the types of etiologic classifications of anemia?
excessive blood loss
destruction of erythrocytes
decreased production of erythrocytes
Examples of excessive blood loss
trauma
GI bleed
bleeding ulcer
Examples of the destruction of erythrocytes
sickle cell disease
hereditary
leukemia
Examples of decreased production of erythrocytes
chronic disease
bone marrow failure
nutritional deficiency
define the morphologic classification for normocytic
a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin
normal size
define the morphologic classification for macrocytic
a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin
abnormally large
define the morphologic classification for microcytic
a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin
abnormally small
define the morphologic classification for normochromic
a. normal size
b. abnormally large
c. abnormally small
d. normal hemoglobin
normal hemoglobin
Which of the following is described as a high concentration of hemoglobin?
a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis
hyperchromic
Which of the following is described as a low concentration of hemoglobin?
a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis
hypochromic
Which of the following is described as various sizes?
a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis
anisocytosis
Which of the following is described as various shapes?
a. hypochromic
b. hyperchromic
c. poikilocytosis
d. anisocytosis
poikilocytosis
What causes a decreased production of erythrocytes?
nutritional issues
bone marrow failure
hemolytic anemia
Nutritional issues include deficiency in _ or _
folic acid deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
What type of deficiency is the result of inadequate diet or poor absorption caused by intestinal disease?
a. vitamin b12 deficiency
b. folic acid deficiency
folic acid deficiency
What type of deficiency is due to the intrinsic factor and its role in absorption?
a. vitamin b12 deficiency
b. folic acid deficiency
vitamin b12 deficiency
What can be the result of vitamin b12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor?
gastric resection/bypass
Anemia of chronic disease is described as
a. folic acid deficiency
b. vitamin b12 deficiency
c. bone marrow failure
d. hemolytic anemia
bone marrow failure
Bone Marrow failure pathogenesis
injured by drugs or chemicals
infiltrated by tumor
replaced by fibrous tissue
Treatment for bone marrow failure
blood transfusion
transplant highly selected cases
Hereditary hemolytic anemia is due to
abnormal hemoglobin
shape abnormalities
defective hemoglobin synthesis
enzyme defects
An autoantibody attaches to a RBC and destroys it is describing:
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
von Willebrand is a common _ disorder
bleeding disorder
What are the bleeding tendencies with von Willebrand
early with epistaxis and easy bruising
GI tract during surgical procedures
excess loss of blood during menstruation
Which of the following is described as an accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood?
a. acute lymphocytic leukemia
b. acute myelogenous leukemia
c. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia
acute lymphocytic leukemia
What is described as a rapidly progressive, malignant disease of bone marrow and blood?
a. acute lymphocytic leukemia
b. acute myelogenous leukemia
c. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia
acute lymphocytic leukemia
Causes of acute lymphocytic leukemia:
usually unknown
possible environmental factors
chromosomal abnormalities
What types of cells are involved in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
a. myeloid cells
b. monocytes
c. B cells
d. platelets
monocytes
blastic (immature)
acidic (mature)
What population is most commonly impacted by Acute Lymphocytic leukemia?
a. children
b. adults
children under the age of 5
The prognosis for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is (good/poor)
good for kids if caught soon enough
adults not as good
List the clinical manifestations for Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
neuological manifestations
headaches
vomiting
weakness
pts with Acute Lymphocytic or Acute Myelogenous Leukemia are highly susceptible to _ and _
hemorrhage and infection
Which of the following is described as an accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood?
a. acute lymphocytic leukemia
b. acute myelogenous leukemia
c. chronic lymphocytic leukemia
d. chronic myelogenous leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous is caused by
a. poor diet and exercise
b. radiation, aplastic anemia, down syndrome, smoking
c. unknown
d. genetics
radiation, aplastic anemia, down syndrome, smoking
What types of cells are involved in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
a. myeloid cells
b. monocytes
c. B cells
d. platelets
hematopoietic stem cell differentiated into myeloid cells
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia mainly affects what population?
a. adults
b. kids
adults
The prognosis for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia is (good/poor)
poor - more severe
Which of the following is described as a malignant disease of bone marrow and blood?
a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
c. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
d. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Mutation of _ cells is responsible in most cases for _ Lymphocytic Leukemia
B cells
Chronic
What are the causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?
a. poor diet and exercise
b. radiation, aplastic anemia, down syndrome, smoking
c. unknown, genetics, predisposition
d. environmental factors
unknown, genetics, predisposition
What type of cells are involved in Chronic Lymphocytic?
a. myeloid cells
b. monocytes
c. B cells
d. platelets
B cell mutation
neoblastic/cancerous cells resemble lymphocyte cells
What population is most impacted by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
a. children
b. adults
adults
Symptoms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia are (distinct/vague) or (symptomatic/asymptomatic)
asymptomatic
Prognosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
varies based on host
(higher/lower) risk with age for Chronic Lymphocytic
higher
Clinical manifestations of Chronic Lymphocytic
a. fatigue, anorexia, splenomegaly, Philadelphia, asymptomatic
b. asymptomatic, extreme fatigue, splenomegaly, bone pain, weight loss, fever
c. neurological manifestations, headaches, vomiting, weakness
d. acute hemarthrosis, muscle hemorrhage, GI involvement, CNS involvement
asymptomatic extreme fatigue splenomegaly bone pain weight loss fever
Which of the following is an increase in myeloid and erythroid cells and platelets in peripheral blood?
a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
c. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
d. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Chronic Myelogenous is marked by (hyperplasia/hypoplasia)
hyperplasia
Chronic Myelogenous is caused by
a. poor diet and exercise
b. environmental factors
c. unknown, radiation, chromosomal abnormality
d. smoking
unknown, radiation, chromosomal abnormality
Which type of cells are involved in Chronic Myelogenous?
a. B cells
b. monocytes
c. myeloid cells, erythoid cells, platelets
d. all of the above
myeloid cells, erythoid cells, platelets
Chronic Myelogenous most commonly impacts what population?
a. children
b. adults
adults
The prognosis for Chronic Myelogenous is (poor/good)
not good only if bone marrow transplant
Clinical manifestations for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
a. fatigue, anorexia, splenomegaly, Philadelphia, asymptomatic
b. asymptomatic, extreme fatigue, splenomegaly, bone pain, weight loss, fever
c. neurological manifestations, headaches, vomiting, weakness
d. acute hemarthrosis, muscle hemorrhage, GI involvement, CNS involvement
nonspecific signs and symptoms fatigue anorexia splenomegaly asymptomatic Philadelphia chromosome usually present
Hemophilia is a _ disorder
bleeding disorder
Hemophilia is a sex-linked autosomal (recessive/dominant) trait
recessive
What are the two types of Hemophilia?
Type A clotting factor VIII
Type B clotting factor IX
Which type of Hemophilia is more common?
a. Type A
b. Type B
Type A
Hemophilia is caused by
abnormality of plasma-clotting factors necessary for coagulation
Hemophilia bleeding time is _ and flow rate is _
prolonged
normal
Clinical manifestations of Hemophilia
acute hemarthrosis (bleeding in the joint)
muscle hemorrhage
GI involvement
CNS involvement
PT application for Hemophilia
exercise
be aware of signs and bleeding episode
What are 3 types of lymphoid cells?
a. granulocytes, myocytes, lymphocytes
b. lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasma cells
lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasma cells
The arrest of bleeding after a blood vessel injury
hemostasis
What are 2 bleeding disorders?
Hemophilia
von Willebrand
Primary Hemostasis is problems with
a. impaired VW factor
b. absence of VW factor
c. impaired tissue factor
d. absence of tissue factor
impaired VW factor
Bone marrow failure is related to _ of chronic disease
anemia
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is more common than hereditary hemolytic anemia (true/false)
false
What is the most common bleeding disorder?
a. Hemophilia
b. anemia
c. von Willebrand
d. Leukemia
von Willebrand
In which type of Leukemia is the Philadelphia chromosome present?
a. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
b. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
c. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
d. Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Folic acid deficiency can be caused by _ disease
intestinal disease
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is an _ of _ cells in the _ _ and _ _
accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood
How is Acute Myelogenous managed?
chemotherapy reduced remission
Typical Leukemia clinical manifestations
fever fatigue loss of appetite infections easily to bruise
