ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

The three leading causes of cancer in US are:

A

IN MEN:
1. Lung
2. Prostate
3. Colorectal Area

IN WOMEN:
1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colorectal Area

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2
Q

_____ and _____ are two examples of tumor-specific antigens in the altered cell membranes of malignant cells.

A
  1. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
  2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
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3
Q

The two key ways by which cancer is spread are the _____ and the _____.

A

Lymph and the Blood

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4
Q

About _____ % of all cancers are thought to be related to the environment.

A

75%

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5
Q

The single most lethal chemical carcinogen, accounting for 30% of all cancer deaths is:

A

Tobacco Smoking

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6
Q

_____, _____, and _____ are thre dietary substances (cruciferous vegetables) that appear to reduce cancer risk.

A

Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower

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7
Q

_____, _____, _____, and _____ tend to increase the risk of cancer.

A

Fats, Alcohol, Salt-cured, Smoked meat

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8
Q

The two most side effects of chemotherapy are:

A

Nausea and Vomiting

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9
Q

Myelosuppression, caused by chemotherapeutic agents, results in _____, _____, _____, _____, and an increased risk of _____, and _____.

A

Leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia

Infection and Bleeding

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10
Q

Three chemotherapeutic agents that are particularly toxic to the renal system are:

A

Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Mitramycin

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11
Q

Name two examples of an inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome:

A
  1. Breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
  2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
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12
Q

List seven cancers that are associated with an increased intake of alcohol:

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharnyx
  3. Larynx
  4. Esophagus
  5. Liver
  6. Colorectum
  7. Breast
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13
Q

Identify five substances produced by the immune system in response to cancer cells:

A
  1. B-lymphocytes
  2. Lymphokines
  3. Macrophages
  4. Natural Killer cells
  5. T-lymphocytes
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14
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List three SKIN common side effects:

A
  1. Alopecia
  2. Erythema
  3. Desaquamation
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15
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List four ORAL MUCOSAL MEMBRANE common side effects:

A
  1. Xerostamia
  2. Stomatitis
  3. Decreased salivation
  4. Loss of taste
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16
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List three STOMACH or COLON common side effects:

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Nausea and Vomiting
  3. Diarrhea
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17
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List three BONE-MARROW PRODUCING SITES common side effects:

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Leukopenia
  3. Thrombocytopenia
18
Q

List nine signs that indicate that an exravasation of an infusion of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent has occured:

A
  1. Redness
  2. Pain
  3. Swelling
  4. Mottled appearance
  5. Phlebitis
  6. Loss of blood return
  7. Resistance to flow
  8. Tissue necrosis
  9. Damage to underlying tendons, nerves and blood vessels
19
Q

Growth of new capillaries from the host tissue:

A

Angiogenesis

20
Q

Innate process of programmed cell death:

21
Q

The use of thermal energy to destroy cancer cells:

A

Radiofrequency Ablation

22
Q

Point at which blood counts are their lowest:

23
Q

Target antibodies to destroy specific malignant cells:

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

24
Q

A substance that can cause tissue necrosis:

25
A dry oral cavity caused by salivary gland dysfunction:
Xerostomia
26
Substances produced by the immune system cells to enhance the function of the immune system:
Cytokines
27
Cisplastin Side effect: Bone marrow depression
Alkylating agent
28
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Side effect: Nausea and Vomiting, Diarrhea
Antimetabolite
29
Estrogens S/E: masculunization, feminization
Hormonal Agent
30
Thiotepa S/E: bone marrow suppression
Alkylating agent
31
Lomustine (CCNU) S/E: delayed and cumulative myelosuppression
Nitrosourea
32
Doxorubicin S/E: bond marrow suppression
Antitumor Antibiotic
33
Ifosfamide S/E: nausea and vomiting, cystitis
Alkylating agent
34
Methotrexate S/E: proctitis, stomatitis, renal toxicity
Antimetabolite
35
Vincristine (VCR) S/E: neuropathies
Plant alkaloid/mitotic spindle
36
Irinotecan S/E: bone marrow suppression
Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors
37
Asparaginase S/E: hepatotoxicity
Miscellaneous agent
38
Cells bear little resemblance to the normal cells of the tissue from which they arose:
Malignant
39
Rate of growth is usually slow:
Benign
40
Tumor tissue is encapsulated:
Benign
41
Tumor spreads by way of blood and lymph channels to ther areas of the body:
Malignant
42
Growth tends to recur when removed:
Malignant