NURSING THEORISTS Flashcards
1
Q
- first theory of nursing
- Notes on Nursing: What It Is, What It Is Not
- “Environmental Theory”
A
Florence NIGHTINGALE
2
Q
- 14 Basic Needs
- the unique function of the nurse is to assist the clients, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery, that clients will perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will or knowledge
- “Nature of Nursing Model: 14 Basic Needs”
A
Virginia HENDERSON
3
Q
- 21 Nursing Problems
- defined nursing as service to individuals and families; therefore to society
- “Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing Model”
A
Faye ABDELLAH
4
Q
- 7 Subsystems:
Ingestive
Eliminative
Affiliative
Aggressive
Dependence
Achievement
Sexual and Role Identity Behavior - “Behavioral System Model”
A
Dorothy JOHNSON
5
Q
- described nursing as a helping profession that assists individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain, and restore health
- “Goal Attainment Theory”
A
Imogene KING
6
Q
- nursing is a humanistic and scientific mode of helping a client through specific cultural caring processes (cultural values, beliefs and practices) to improve or maintain a health condition
- “Transcultural Nursing Model”
A
Madeleine LEININGER
7
Q
- “Four Conservation Principles”
Conservation of Energy
Conservation of Structural Integrity
Conservation of Personal Integrity
Conservation of Social Integrity
A
Myra LEVINE
8
Q
- nursing is a unique profession in that it is concerned with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to stresses, which are intra-, inter- and extrapersonal in nature
- “Health Care System Model”
A
Betty NEUMAN
9
Q
- Self-Care: “the practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health and well-being”
- 3 Nursing Systems:
Wholly Compensatory
Partially Compensatory
Supportive Educative - “Self-Care and Self- Care Deficit Theory”
A
Dorothea OREM
10
Q
- 4 Phases of the Nurse-Client Relationship:
Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution - “Interpersonal Model”
A
Hildegard PEPLAU
11
Q
- human beings are more than and different from the sum of their parts
- human being is characterized by the capacity for abstraction and imagery, language and thought, sensation and emotions
- “Science of Unitary Human Beings”
A
Martha ROGERS
12
Q
- viewed each person as a unified biopsychosocial system in constant interaction with a changing environment
- the person as an adaptive system (input, control processes, output and feedback), functions as a whole through interdependence of its parts
- 4 Modes of Needs:
Physiologic
Self-Concept
Role Function
Interdependence - “Adaptation Model”
A
Sister Callista ROY
13
Q
- Care represents nurturance and is exclusive to nursing. Core involves the therapeutic use of self and emphasizes the use of reflection. Cure focuses on nursing related to the physician’s orders. Core care becomes necessary when client is unable to and cure are shared with the other health care providers.
- “3 C’s: Care, Core, Cure”
A
Lydia HALL
14
Q
- the nurse helps patients meet a perceived need that the patient cannot meet for themselves
- emphasized the importance of validating the need and evaluating care based on observable outcomes
- nursing actions can be AUTOMATIC or DELIBIRATIVE
- Elements Composing Nursing Situation:
Client Behavior
Nurse Reaction
Nurse Action - “Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship Model”
A
Ida Jean ORLANDO
15
Q
- the nurse’s individual philosophy or central purpose lends credence to nursing care
- “Clinical Nursing-A Helping Art Model”
A
Ernestine WEIDENBACH
16
Q
- Nursing: Human Science and Human Care
- nursing is the application of the art and human science through transpersonal caring transactions to help persons achieve mind-body-soul harmony, which generates self-knowledge, self-control, self-care, and self-healing
- “Human Caring Model”
A
Jean WATSON
17
Q
- emphasized free choice of personal meaning in relating value priorities, co-creating of rhythmical patterns, in exchange with the environment, and contranscending in many dimensions as possibilities unfold
- believed that each choice opens certain opportunities while closing others
- “Human Becoming Model”
A
Rosemarie Rizzo PARSE
18
Q
- a person is a unique, irreplaceable individual who is in a continuous process of becoming, evolving and changing
- “Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing Model”
A
Joyce TRAVELBEE
19
Q
- nursing is an existential experience
- the essential characteristic of nursing is nurturance
- “Humanistic Nursing Practice Theory”
A
Josephine PETERSON
Loretta ZDERAD
20
Q
- the focus is on the person
- nurses in this theory facilitate, nurture and accept the person unconditionally
- “Modeling and Role Modeling Theory”
A
Helen ERICKSON
Evelyn TOMLIN
Mary Ann SWAIN
21
Q
- focused on health as expanding consciousness
- change occurs through transformation
- caring is a moral imperative for nursing
- “Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness”
A
Margaret NEWMAN
22
Q
- caring is central to the essence of nursing
- caring creates the possibilities for coping and creates possibilities for connecting with and concern for others
- “Primacy of Caring Model”
A
Patricia BENNER
Judith WRUBEL
23
Q
- all persons are caring, and nursing is a response to a unique social call
- “Nursing as Caring”
A
Anne BOYKIN
Savina SCHOENHOFER
