oncognees

Question 1

what is an oncogene

Answer 1

Oncogenes are cancer promoting genes that are derived from normal genes (proto-oncogenes). Proto-oncogenes play an important physiological role in cellular growth and differentiation. A ‘gain of function’ results in an increased risk of cancer. Only one mutated copy of the gene is needed for cancer to occur - a dominant effect. They are implicated in the development of up to 20% of human cancers.

Question 2

ABL

Answer 2

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

Question 3

c-MYC starry sky

kkkk -ccccc

Answer 3

burkits lymphoma

Question 4

n-MYC

n- neuro
most commonly in kids under age of 1

A 1-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother, who states that he has been unwell for several weeks, refusing food and crying inconsolably. She reports that he has lost weight and appears much more pale than usual. Examination reveals a large mass within the abdomen, crossing the midline.

Urinalysis is ordered, which shows raised levels of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid; a CT scan of the abdomen is subsequently booked.

Answer 4

Neuroblastoma

Question 5

BCL-2

Answer 5

follicular lymphoma

Question 6

RET (Tyrosine kinase receptor)

Answer 6

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (types II and III)

Question 7

RAS

Answer 7

Many cancers especially pancreatic

Question 8

erb-B2 (HER2/neu)

Answer 8

Breast and ovarian cancers

Question 9

Tumour suppressor genes restrict or repress cellular proliferation in normal cells. Their inactivation through mutation or germ line incorporation is implicated in renal, colonic, breast, bladder and many other cancers. One of the best known tumour suppressor genes is p53. p53 gene offers protection by causing apoptosis of damaged cells. Other well known genes include BRCA 1 and 2.

loss of function of these results in what

Answer 9

increased risk of cancer

Question 10

apoptosis occurs where

Answer 10

on the membrane where the receptors are