Oncogenes - Weir Flashcards
What percentage of most cancers are due to inherited cancer susceptibility genes?
5-10%
What is Li-Fraumeni syndrome?
predisposition to breast cancer and sarcomas. p53 pathway is mutated and inactivated.
What is Cowden syndrome?
premalignant sydrome with small skin tumors. Mutation in PTEN (necessary to remove phosphate to inhibit growth of cells)
What is GIST? (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)
mutation in c-Kit gene, which will drive uncontrolled cell growth.
What will inhibiting EGFR kinase inhibition do? What can do this?
Inhibiting EGFR kinase can greatly reduce metastatic lung cancers until a resistance forms. Erlotinib does this.
What will a mutation in EML4 cause?
non small cell lung cancers. Usually adenocarcinoma. Can be treated by Crizotinib.
What is EGFR?
epidermal growth factor receptor. mutation in this cause cancer?
What are the 4 WHO grades of gliomas?
grades 1 and 2 usually don’t come back after resection (benign). 3 and 4 usually come back.(malignant)
Grade IV is glioblastoma
How do glioblastomas get vascularization?
they create their own VEGF.
What does bevacizumab do?
it blocks VEGF production to try to prevent angiogenesis in tumors.
What do most renal tumors have mutations in?
Von hippau lindau.
What is sunitinib?
drug to treat renal cancer by affecting VHL pathway.
Which cancer has had its mortality cut by more than half with the inhibitiaon of a mutated gene pathway.
chronic myelocytic leukemia
Inhibiting which pathway will result in best treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia?
inhibition of bcr-ABL tyrosine kinase
What is tamoxifen?
inhibitor of estrogen receptor. Useful for half of women with breast cancer.
