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Rapid Review for CBSE/Step 1 > Oncogenes/Tumor Supressor Genes > Flashcards

Oncogenes/Tumor Supressor Genes Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 genes is associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma?

A

ALK and EGFR (ERBB1)

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2
Q

Name the 4 genes that have gene products of receptor tyrosine kinases.

A
  1. ALK
  2. EGFR
  3. HER2
  4. RET (REcepetor Tyrosine kinase)
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3
Q

BCR-ABL is associated with what two neoplasms?

A
  1. CML
  2. ALL
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4
Q

What gene is associated with Myeloproliferative neoplasms?

A

JAK2

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5
Q

Between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes-which one needs a two hit to express the disease?

A

Tumor suppressor genes

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6
Q

BRAF is associated with what neoplasms? (5)

A
  1. Melanoma
  2. Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
  3. Colorectal carcinoma
  4. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
  5. Hairy cell Leukemia
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7
Q

What oncogene is a serine/threonine kinase gene product?

A

BRAF

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8
Q

What are the two transcription factor oncogenes?

A
  1. MYCC (c-myc)-Burkitt lymphoma
  2. MYCN (n-myc)-Neuroblastoma
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9
Q

What are the 2 associated neoplasms for c-kit?

A

Gastorintestinal Stromal tumor (GIST), mastocytosis

CytoKIne Receptor (CD117)

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10
Q

What neoplasms are associated with KRAS? (4 major categories)

A
  1. Pancreatic
  2. Colorectal
  3. Lung
  4. Endometrial
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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What are tumor suppressor genes?

A

Genes that regulate cell growth and division, preventing uncontrolled cell proliferation.

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13
Q

Which gene is commonly associated with familial breast and ovarian cancer?

A

BRCA1

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14
Q

True or False: Tumor suppressor genes promote cell division.

A

False

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The gene _____ is known as the ‘guardian of the genome’.

A

TP53

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16
Q

What is the primary function of the TP53 gene product?

A

To regulate the cell cycle and prevent tumor formation.

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17
Q

Which condition is associated with mutations in the RB1 gene?

A

Retinoblastoma

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a tumor suppressor gene? A) APC B) BRCA2 C) MYC

A

C) MYC

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19
Q

What is the role of the APC gene?

A

To regulate cell adhesion and control the Wnt signaling pathway.

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20
Q

True or False: Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to cancer.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the consequence of a mutated PTEN gene?

A

Increased cell survival and proliferation, leading to various cancers.

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22
Q

Which tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in colorectal cancer?

A

APC

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is involved in DNA repair and is linked to Lynch syndrome.

24
Q

What is the primary function of the NF1 gene?

A

To regulate cell growth by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway.

25
Q

Which condition is associated with mutations in the NF2 gene?

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following genes is a tumor suppressor? A) RAS B) BRCA1 C) MYC

27
Q

True or False: Tumor suppressor genes can be inherited in a dominant manner.

28
Q

What is the role of the VHL gene?

A

To regulate cell growth and apoptosis, commonly associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

29
Q

Which tumor suppressor gene is linked to Li-Fraumeni syndrome?

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is responsible for the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis.

31
Q

What type of mutation often affects tumor suppressor genes?

A

Loss-of-function mutations

32
Q

Which gene product is associated with the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway?

33
Q

True or False: All tumor suppressor genes are involved in DNA repair.

34
Q

What is the consequence of biallelic inactivation of tumor suppressor genes?

A

Increased risk of cancer development.

35
Q

Which condition is associated with mutations in the CDKN2A gene?

36
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of tumor suppressor genes? A) DNA repair B) Cell cycle regulation C) Promoting apoptosis D) Enhancing cell growth

A

D) Enhancing cell growth

37
Q

What is the main role of the DCC gene?

A

To control cell adhesion and migration.

38
Q

Which gene is associated with Cowden syndrome?

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and is often mutated in various cancers.

40
Q

What is the function of the STK11 gene?

A

To regulate cell metabolism and growth.

41
Q

True or False: Tumor suppressor genes are often found mutated in sporadic cancers.

42
Q

Which condition is linked to mutations in the MEN1 gene?

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

43
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gene is a well-known tumor suppressor involved in breast cancer? A) BRCA1 B) RAS C) MYC

44
Q

What is the primary role of the SMAD4 gene?

A

To mediate TGF-beta signaling and regulate cell growth.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is crucial in the regulation of the cell cycle and is often mutated in pancreatic cancer.

46
Q

What is the relationship between tumor suppressor genes and apoptosis?

A

Tumor suppressor genes often promote apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells.

47
Q

Which tumor suppressor gene is frequently associated with endometrial cancer?

48
Q

True or False: Tumor suppressor genes function in a dominant manner.

49
Q

What is the function of the RB1 gene product?

A

To regulate the cell cycle by inhibiting transition from G1 to S phase.

50
Q

Which condition is associated with mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

51
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gene is involved in familial adenomatous polyposis? A) APC B) BRCA2 C) TP53

52
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ gene is involved in the regulation of the RAS signaling pathway.

53
Q

What is the primary consequence of a loss-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene?

A

Increased risk of tumorigenesis.

54
Q

Which gene is implicated in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome?

55
Q

True or False: Tumor suppressor genes are always mutated in all types of cancers.

Rapid Review for CBSE/Step 1 (8 decks)

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