Carcinogens Flashcards
What are aflatoxins and their primary source?
Aflatoxins are toxins produced by Aspergillus and are commonly found in stored grains and nuts.
Aflatoxins are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.
What type of cancer is associated with alkylating agents?
Leukemia and lymphoma.
Alkylating agents are used in oncologic chemotherapy.
Where are aromatic amines commonly found and what cancer do they cause?
Aromatic amines are found in the textile industry (dyes) and tobacco smoke, causing bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
Examples include benzidine and 2-naphthylamine.
What are the health impacts of arsenic exposure?
Arsenic exposure can lead to hepatic angiosarcoma, lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Sources include herbicides, metal smelting, and wood preservation.
What is the primary cancer risk associated with asbestos exposure?
Bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma.
Asbestos exposure is linked to old roofing materials and shipyard work.
List the types of cancer associated with tobacco smoke exposure.
Bladder, cervix, esophagus, kidney, larynx, lung, oropharynx, and pancreas.
Tobacco smoke is a significant carcinogen affecting multiple organs.
What cancers are linked to ethanol consumption?
Esophageal, liver, and breast cancers.
Ethanol is associated with squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma.
What types of cancer are caused by ionizing radiation?
Leukemia and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Ionizing radiation affects blood and thyroid.
What is the occupational exposure risk from nickel, chromium, beryllium, and silica?
Lung cancer.
These substances are common in various industrial settings.
What type of cancer do nitrosamines in smoked foods cause?
Gastric cancer (intestinal type).
Nitrosamines are formed during the curing process of meats.
What is radon and its associated health risk?
Radon is a byproduct of uranium decay, accumulating in basements and causing lung cancer.
It is the second leading cause of lung cancer after tobacco smoke.
What cancer is linked to vinyl chloride exposure?
Hepatic angiosarcoma.
Vinyl chloride is primarily used to make PVC pipes.
