Important Immunohistochemical Stains Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of immunohistochemical stains?
To determine the primary site of origin for metastatic tumors and characterize tumors that are difficult to classify
These stains can also have prognostic and predictive value.
Which tumors are identified by Chromogranin and synaptophysin stains?
Small cell carcinoma of the lung, carcinoid tumor, neuroblastoma
These stains target neuroendocrine cells.
What type of cells do Cytokeratin stains target?
Epithelial cells
Epithelial tumors include squamous cell carcinoma.
Desmin stains are used to identify which type of tumors?
Muscle tumors, e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma
Desmin targets muscle cells.
What does GFAP stain target?
Neuroglia, e.g., astrocytes, Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes
It is used to identify astrocytoma and glioblastoma.
Which tumors are associated with Neurofilament stains?
Neuronal tumors, e.g., neuroblastoma
Neurofilament targets neurons.
What does PSA stain indicate?
Prostate cancer
PSA targets prostatic epithelium.
PECAM-1/CD-31 stains are used to identify which type of tumors?
Vascular tumors, e.g., angiosarcoma
These stains target endothelial cells.
Which tumors are identified by S-100 stains?
Melanoma, schwannoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis
S-100 targets neural crest cells.
What does TRAP stand for and which condition does it identify?
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; identifies hairy cell leukemia
TRAP is a specific marker for this type of leukemia.
Vimentin stains target which type of tissue?
Mesenchymal tissue, e.g., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages
Vimentin is associated with mesenchymal tumors like sarcoma, as well as other tumors such as endometrial carcinoma.
What is P-glycoprotein and its role in cancer?
An ATP-dependent efflux pump also called multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1); expressed in some cancer cells to pump out toxins
This is one mechanism of responsiveness or resistance to chemotherapy over time.
