OM-A, OM-B Perf, Regulations & other Flashcards
Database requirement to fly an RNP approach procedure
must be:
1- produced by an approved supplier
2- validated and approved by the operator
minimum decision height for ILS CAT 2:
100’
for a CAT 2 approach, if we wanna land manually, what’s the latest heigh we must disconnect the AP? (easyJet doesn’t allow it though)
80’
min decision height for SA CAT II
100’
Can I do an autoland with one engine inop?
yes, as long as all the eng out procedures are completed before reaching 1000’ and the landing is in conf FULL (A320 CEO, all others FL3 landing as well)
Can we do an autoland with conf 3?
yes (but if 1 engine inop only flaps FULL)
Autoland max winds:
A320:
30 HW
20 XW (15 with automatic rollout)
10 TW
A320 neo:
HW: 30kt
XW: 20kt (15kt for automatic rollout with one engine inop)
TW: 10kt
A319:
HW: 20kt (15 with OEI)
XW: 20kt (10 with OEI)
TW: 10kt (5kt with conf 3 or FULL with airport elev above 5750’)
AUTOLAND: if the ND shows a wind within the acceptable limits but the tower reported wind is beyond, can we still continue?
No, as the wind limitation is based on the surface wind reported by ATC. We have to perform a CAT 1 Approach (no Autoland).
Can we do an autoland with a CAT 1 beam?
Yes if:
1- the operator checked the beam quality and the terrain profile (particularly 300m before the ray threshold)
2- the crew is aware of the possible fluctuations and ready to take over.
3- at least CAT 2 capability is displayed on the FMA and the crew uses CAT II/III procedures
4- visual references are attained as per CAT 1 minima.
APU: how many start attempts can we operate?
3 consecutive attempts, thereafter we must wait 60’ before trying again
in normal procedures, what’s the maximum altitude to start an APU?
Maximum ceiling of the Aircraft (39800’)
What’s the max alt to start the APU on battery only? es. in emergency elec config
25000’
APU: what’s the max alt to operate the APU bleed?
22500’ for air conditioning and pressurization with one pack only
20000’ to assist an engine start
15000’ for air conditioning and pressurization with 2 packs
OVERSPEED RECOVERY technic
1- Keep AP and A/THR
2- Use speed brakes as req.
3- monitor IDLE thrust*
*if A/THR is OFF set thrust levers to idle
Airbus Golden Rules
1-fly nav comm
2-use the appropriate level of automation at all times
3-understand the FMA at all times
4-take action if things do not go as expected
Handling of ECAM: “STAUS” - “STOP ECAM” - ?
Normal C/L?
System Reset?
Additional Proc? (QRH summary/proc)
ENG Relight procedure (after eng fail with no damage)
Overhead Panel Guarded Controls:
black ≠ red
black = reversible
red = irreversible
LAND ASAP what’s the difference between Amber and Red
AMBER: CONSIDER landing at the nearest suitable airport
RED: Land AS SOON AS POSSIBLE where a SAFE LANDING can be made.
Normal sequence of Procedures in ABN situations
MEM ITEMS or OEB immediate actions
OEB
ECAM
QRH
this works in MOST of the situations and is the basic one. However, this sequence may not cover all operational situations. Therefore the flight crew should always exercise their judgment and adapt the sequence of actions to the real conditions.
WET Runway:
< 3mm of any visible moisture or water.
Contamined Runway DEFINITION
SIGNIFICANT PORTION of its surface is covered with:
- LAYER OF FLUID CONTAMINANT 3mm or more
- HARD CONTAMINANT
Fluid contaminants:
snow (wet & dry)
slush
standing water
Hard contaminants:
compacted snow
ice
wet ice
Missed Approach Climb Gradient
is part of an Instrument Approach procedure design.
When no gradient is published, a minimum gradient of 2.5% prevails.
A minimum climb gradient is only specified if >2.5%
Landing Dist Calc at dispatch on a dry rwy: can we take benefit of the thrust reverser?
NO, it’s calculated without the benefit of thrust reversers, as per regulation
Landing Dist Calc at dispatch on a wet rwy
no benefit of thrust rev and is dry rwy x 1.15
(At dispatch we can take credit of the thrust reverser only in case of contamined runways)
Landing Perf Calculation DISPATCH: when can we take credit of the reversers?
on Contamined Runways
RCAM stands for?
Runway Condition Assessment Matrix
Minimum Fuel / Mayday Fuel
Minimum Fuel: informs ATC that we are committed to land a t a single airfield and may be landing close to FRF. It’s a recognized way of sharing our mental model of our fuel state with ATC and informing ATC that any change to the existing plan could lead to an emergency.
Mayday Fuel: when the calculated usable fuel predicted to be available upon landing at the nearest airport where a safe landing can be made is less than the final reserve fuel.
CAT 1, and 2-3 holding point markings: where would you find the runway?
on the side of the dashed line on the CAT1 holding position markings (pattern type “A”)
LVP: RVRs mid point and stop end
rollout guidance: 75m, 75m
no rollout guidance:125m, 75m
LVO Takeoff RVR UK and EU?
for Cat C aircrafts a LVO takeoff is considered when RVR is <400m (UK) and <550m (EU).
RFFS category required?
can we downgrade?
321: 7
319/320: 6
-aerodromes which experience low volume of traffic: 5
-downgrade 2 categories below the Airplane category is permitted when is temporary (NOTAMs) not more than 72 hrs.
Alternates (TO, ENR, DEST) can be 4 (UK 5).
Alternate (NOT ALTERNATIVE!) Planning Minima for Type B instrument approach ops
ceiling: DA/H + 200ft
RVR/VIS: + 550m
FLIGHT MONITORING CONCEPT in the context of the new easyJet fuel scheme
new regulation allows the operator to reduce some wx alternate planning minima provided safety related info can be exchanged during flight between a/C and ICC
what is a Type A Instrument Approach Operation?
one with MDH or DH at or above 250ft
what is a type B Instrument Approach Operation?
when DH <250ft
Type B approach categories:
an operation with DH below 250’
CAT I: DH not lower than 200’ - RVR not less than 550m (VIS not less than 800m)
CAT II: 100’ ≤ DH < 200’, RVR ≥ 300m
CAT III with DH: 50’≤ DH < 100’ - RVR not lower than 175.
CAT III with DH <50’ - RVR 75m
CAT III NO DH - RVR 75m
Alternate Planning Minima for Type A instrument approach ops
(with Flight Monitoring)
3D type A facility with SYSTEM minima 200ft or less (i.e. ILS CAT I): DA/H + 200ft, RVR/VIS + 800m
2 or more usable type A apps each based on separate navaids: DA/H + 200ft, RVR/VIS +1000m (can choose the approach with the most convenient minima (??))
other type A approach ops: DA/H + 400ft, RVR/VIS + 1500m
Circling approach ops: MDA/H + 400ft, VIS + 1500m
ILS CAT I is a type A or B approach?
normally B, but is A when the MDH/DH are ≥ 250ft
alternate planning minima example: if we want AMS as alternate (rwy18R CATIII (0’/75m), what wx do we need?
is a Type B approach so +200’/+550m
so we need: 200’/625m
alternate planning minima example: if we want to take GRX as alternate (rwy27 circling 2250’/2.4km), what wx do we need?
is a Type A approach with circling minima so: +400ft/+1500m
so we need: 2650’/3.9km)
Alternate planning minima: what wx do we need at ENR or DEST Alternate in we want to use an ILS CAT 1?
we need the charted minima +200’/550m (Both for CAT 1 type A and type B).
in the context of fuel schemes, what is a SAFE LANDING?
1- at an adequate aerodrome
2- with no less than the Final Reserve Fuel
3- in compliance with the applicable operational procedures and aerodrome operating minima.
when do we declare a fuel emergency?
when we estimate that the Final Reserve Fuel can no longer be protected.
Minimum Fuel
informs ATC of 2 things:
1- all planned options have been reduced to a specific aerodrome of intended landing.
2- any change to the existing clearance may result in landing with less than the final reserve fuel.
after a “minimum fuel” declaration, do we expect any priority handling?
no, but ATC is obliged to communicate to the flight crew any expected additional delays, as well as coordinate with other ATC units when transferring the control, to ensure that the other unit knows.
How does a commander declare a fuel emergency state?
by declaring “MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY FUEL”
when would you declare fuel emergency?
when the calculated usable fuel predicted to be available upon landing at the nearest aerodrome where a safe landing can be made is less than the planned final reserve fuel.
max number of attempted approaches?
nor more than 2 successive approaches may be flown when there has been a go-around due to wx, unless there has been a significant improvement to the wx which would allow a SAFE LANDING, or in case that an emergency states exists.
minima for VISUAL APPROACH?
5km visibility
2500’ aal
what is a SA CAT I or II?
means Special Authorization.
is not a separate approach classification: it’s an operational credit applied to a CAT I or II operation
SA CAT I:
Special authorization CAT I: is an OPERATIONAL CREDIT that exploits a navigation solution with superior performance to that required for CAT1 by extending the instrument segment of a CAT 1 operation.
The DH down to 150’, corresponding reduction on the RVR (down to 400m)
SA CAT II:
operational credit that applies to the visual segment of an approach conducted where aerodrome, runway and approach lighting system DO NOT MEET THE USUAL REQ FOR CAT II.
the DH will be the same as for standard CAT II, but the RVR will depend on the class of light facility installed.
Landing Assured
has been replaced with SAFE LANDING
Take-off alternate: when do we need one and how far can be?
is required when PERFORMANCE or METEOROLOGICAL conditions preclude a return to the departure aerodrome.
Must be max at 1hr still air flight time at OEI cruising speed in ISA conditions based on actual TO weight (320nm)
APPROACH BAN: If we want to perform a NPA and the reported ceiling doesn’t meet the minima can we still start and continue the approach?
yes, only the visibility counts for banning the approach.
Approach ban
an approach may be commenced regardless of the reported RVR/VIS but cannot be continued beyond 1000’ aal unless we have the required applicable RVR/VIS minima.
APPROACH BAN: in case we have no RVR available but and the VIS is below the applicable minima can we use CMV to continue the approach?
yes, in that case we can continue to the DA/H MDA/H but not in lvo
controlling RVR for approach
the TDZ RVR is always controlling for an approach with MDA, DA or DH. If the TDZ RVR is not reported than the mid-point should be the controlling one.
If no RVR available we can still use CMV (but not for continuation of an Approach in LVO)
how many RVR reports do we need for a CAT III with no DH?
Air Ops requires only 1 RVR value at an the airport for CAT III with NO DH
LO VIS TO
RVR<550m (EU)
RVR<400m(UK)
Aircraft Lowest minima for TO
125m
but the airport can have a more restrictive minima (see AOI)
LO VIS TO: can the initial part of the takeoff run be replaced by pilot assessment?
yes
Relevant RVRs for LO VIS TO
those on the runway Required for accelerate at V1, reject a TO and come to a speed of 60kt.
LO VIS TAKEOFF: How many RVR are required?
Those relevant for takeoff (usually all three) but the first one can be replaced by pilot assessment.
LOVIS: minimum visual reference for CAT II
3 consecutive lights and a Lateral element
LOVIS: minimum visual reference for CAT III NO DH
NONE
LOVIS: minimum visual reference for CAT III with DH <50’
1 centerline light
LOVIS: minimum visual reference for CAT III WITH DH ≥ 50’ but < 100’
3 consecutive lights
in fail passive CAT III operations, if AP fails below minima do I have to Go-Around?
Go-around is the normal action, but if the commander assumes that continuing is the safest course of action, it may be continued manually.
Max Taxi speed in LOVIS
10kt
ENROUTE ALTERNATE: how far can that be?
1hr flight time with OEI:
A319: 380nm
A320-321: 400nm
Dispatching with no Alternate: can we do that?
at what conditions?
can be done under the Alternative Flight Planning Procedures. The destination aerodrome must have 2 separate runways where the risk of a sigle event (such as an aircraft accident) or meteorological deterioration at single aerodrome will not eliminate safe landing options.
CONDITIONS:
1- flight time must not exceed 6 hrs or 4 hrs in case of in-flight replanning.
2- wx forecast at ETA ±1h Ceiling 2000’ or circling height +500’ (whichever higher)
3- additional fuel is carried (15’ @1500’AAL - 800kg)
Conditions for Planning with NO DEST ALT:
It’s done under the ALTERNATIVE FLUGHT PLANNING PROCEDURES:
2 separate rwys
Flight Time ≤ 6hrs
WX ±1hr ETA:
2000’ (or circling height +500ft), VIS ≥ 5000m
Additional 15’ fuel (800kg)
If DATALINK not available which planning procedure must be use and what are the new planning minima?
Alternative Planning Minima:
Type B: +200ft / +800m
Type A & Circling: +400ft / +1500m
Aerodrome Categories
A- non complex
B- complexity requiring specific briefing (eg audio visual…)
B restricted- requiring specific restrictions but no visit or specific training
C- Special Crew qualification required achieved with visit or training
Airplane Categories: which is the criteria used?
IAS at the Threshold (Vat) in the landing config
Aircraft CAT C speeds?
121-140kts
LOVIS TO: how many centerline lights would we see with 125RVR when lined-up on the rwy for Takeoff?
7 (90m visual segment)
Lowest system minima for ILS CAT III DH<50ft or NO DH?
75/75/75
ROLLOUT required
multiple RVR req (only one if NO DH)
Lowest RVR for ILS CAT III with DH≥ 50ft but <100ft
175/125(75)/75
multiple RVR req