Olfactory

Question 0

Question 1/20 - Perception

Individuals can be affected by stimuli that are presented to them so quickly that they are not able to consciously perceive the stimuli. This phenomenon is known as ____?____

◻ The difference threshold
◻ The absolute threshold
◻ Subliminal perception
◻ Signal detection theory

Answer 0

✅ Subliminal perception

Question 1

Question 2/20 - Number of odors

According to the textbook, how many odors exist in the world, in average ?

◻ 500
◻ 1000
◻ 10 000
◻ 50 000

Answer 1

✅ 10 000

Question 2

Question 3/20 - Senses

According to the textbook, which one of the 5 senses is less studied?

◻ Sight
◻ Hearing
◻ Touch
◻ Taste
◻ Smell

Answer 2

✅ Smell

Question 3

Question 4/20 - Influence

According to the textbook, which of the following affects our perception of odors?

◻ The stimuli
◻ Individual physiological differences
◻ Culture
◻ All of the above
◻ None of the above

Answer 3

✅ All of the above

Question 4

Question 5/20 - Interpretation

____?_____ refers to the way we select, organize, and interpret sensory information.

◻ sensation
◻ perception
◻ olfaction
◻ gustation

Answer 4

✅ perception

Question 5

Question 6/20 - Memory

Most people have had the experience of smelling something, maybe a certain perfume or spice, and suddenly experiencing a strong emotional memory. What is this phenomenon called?

◻ a flash bulb memory
◻ Proust Phenomenon
◻ a tip of the nose
◻ an autobiographical memory

Answer 5

✅ Proust Phenomenon

Question 6

Question 7/20 - Perception

In order to determine your ____?____, you might slowly turn up the volume on the stereo one decibel at a time until you could just hear it

◻ Level of subliminal perception
◻ Level of selective attention
◻ Difference threshold
◻ Absolute threshold

Answer 6

✅ Absolute threshold

Question 7

Question 8/20 - Memory

Which sense has connections with several structures in the limbic system and is especially effective at stimulating emotional memories?

◻ Touch
◻ Taste
◻ Hearing
◻ Vision
◻ Smell

Answer 7

✅ Smell

Question 8

Question 9/20 - Stimuli

The process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli is _____?______

◻ sensation
◻ perception
◻ transduction
◻ reduction

Answer 8

✅ sensation

Question 9

Question 10/20 - Perception

If you are expecting a telephone call, you may be more likely to notice the telephone ringing while you are in the shower than if you were not expecting a call. This example is an illustration of ___?____

◻ signal-detection theory
◻ sensory adaptation
◻ opponent-process theory
◻ dual-process theory

Answer 9

✅ signal-detection theory

Question 10

Question 11/20 - Language and odors

According to the text, Urdapilleta & al. (2006) studied the characteristics of denominations used to describe odors by grouping them into semantic classes (i.e., according to their meaning). Which of the following statements is false according to the main conclusion of her study ?

◻ The vocabulary used to describe odors is based on a variety of classes referring to many dimensions.
◻ The labels used to describe odors refer to the same semantic dimensions.
◻ The labels used to describe odors convey the same sort of meanings.
◻ Odors cannot be described through language and no common vocabulary can emerge.

Answer 10

✅ Odors cannot be described through language and no common vocabulary can emerge.

Question 11

Question 12/20 - Theory

The study of how physical sources of stimulation are related to our experience of these stimuli is termed _____?______

◻ sensation
◻ perception
◻ biophysics
◻ psychophysics

Answer 11

✅ psychophysics

Question 12

Question 13/20 - Perception

The minimal difference between two stimuli that people can reliably detect is ___?___

◻ the absolute threshold
◻ the difference threshold
◻ the perceptual threshold
◻ the sensitivity threshold

Answer 12

✅ the difference threshold

Question 13

Question 14/20 - Chemical sense

According to the textbook, which of the following is a chemical sense?

◻ sight
◻ hearing
◻ smell
◻ kinesthesis

Answer 13

✅ smell

Question 14

Question 15/20 - Difference

According to the textbook, what is the main difference between odor perception and visual perception ?

◻ Odor perception is more global
◻ Visual perception is more global
◻ Odor perception is more global whereas visual perception is more diversified
◻ Visual perception is more global whereas odor perception is more diversified.

Answer 14

✅ Odor perception is more global whereas visual perception is more diversified.

Question 15

Question 16/20 - Olfaction

Olfaction is another name for the sense of ________?

◻ taste
◻ smell
◻ hearing
◻ vision

Answer 15

✅ smell

Question 16

Question 17/20 - Cognitive process

According to the textbook, which of the following is not a cognitive process associated with the perception of odors?

◻ Discrimination of odors
◻ Familiarity of odors
◻ Memory of odors
◻ Identification of odors

Answer 16

✅ Familiarity of odors

Question 17

Question 18/20 - Perception

When Harold first enters his swimming pool, the water feels uncomfortably cold. Five minutes later, the water feels comfortable to Harold. This is an example of ___?___

◻ sensory adaptation
◻ signal-detection theory
◻ just-noticeable difference
◻ transduction

Answer 17

✅ sensory adaptation

Question 18

Question 19/20 - Theory

Holley (1999) stated that “the perception of a mixture does not correspond to the sum of its basic compounds”. To what theory does this statement refer ?

◻ Gestalt theory
◻ Behaviorism
◻ Signal detection theory
◻ Functionalism

Answer 18

✅ Gestalt theory

Question 19

Question 20/20 - Cultural aspects

According to the textbook, Chrea, & al. (2007) showed that the variability of odors’ descriptions are culture related. Which odors were highly consensual for French participants, but not for American and Vietnamese participants?

◻ wintergreen, ginger and lemon
◻ wintergreen, ginger and soap
◻ anise, garlic and lavender
◻ None of the above

Answer 19

✅ anise, garlic and lavender