Olfaction & Gustation Flashcards

1
Q

what portion of detected odors are “noxious” and “pleasant?”

A

80% noxious
20% pleasant

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2
Q

where is olfactory epithelium located?

A

upper nasal cavity and around cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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3
Q

what 3 cell types make up the olfactory epithelium?

A
  1. Basal cells
  2. olfactory receptor cells
  3. supporting cells
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4
Q

what are basal cells?

A

epithelial stem cells that will become new receptor cells

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5
Q

what are olfactory receptor cells?

A

bipolar cells whose dendrites bind to odorants and unmyelinated axons from the olfactory nerve

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6
Q

the olfactory nerves go through the ____ to synapse with ____ in the olfactory bulb

A

cribiform plate
mitral & tufted cells

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7
Q

olfactory bulb fibers run in the ____ which divides into…

A

olfactory tract
medial & lateral olfactory stria

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8
Q

the medial olfactory stria reaches the ____ via the ____

A

opposite olfactory bulb
anterior commissure

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9
Q

the lateral olfactory stria projects to the ____

A

primary olfactory cortex

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10
Q

describe the location of the primary olfactory cortex

A
  • anterior portion of parahippocampal gyrus surrounding amygdala
  • includes piriform & entorhinal cortex
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11
Q

the olfactory system is considered a subdivision of the ____ system

A

limbic

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12
Q

the piriform cortex relays information to the ____ and ____

A

orbitofrontal olfactory cortex
dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

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13
Q

what are the second order neurons of the olfactory pathway?

A

olfactory bulb fibers

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14
Q

a taste bud is a collection of ____ on a papilla of the tongue

A

gustatory receptor cells

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15
Q

what type of cell are CNs VII, IX, and X?

A

pseudounipolar

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16
Q

central axons from CNs VII, IX, and X synapse with the ____

A

solitary nucleus

17
Q

where do CNs VII, IX, and X carry taste from?

A

VII: anterior 2/3 tongue
IX: posterior 1/3 tongue
X: epiglottis

18
Q

cell bodies of fibers carrying taste in CN VII are located in the ____

A

genicular ganglion

19
Q

cell bodies of fibers carrying taste in CN IX are located in the ____

A

inferior ganglion

20
Q

cell bodies of fibers carrying taste in CN X are located in the ____

A

inferior-nodose ganglion

21
Q

secondary afferents carrying taste form the ____

A

solitary tract

22
Q

the solitary tract ascends through the ____ and synapses with the ____

A

brainstem
ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus

23
Q

taste fibers that synapse in the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, then travel through the ____, ending in the ____

A

posterior limb of internal capsule
primary gustatory cortex

24
Q

where is the primary gustatory cortex located?

A

inferior portion of postcentral gyrus, operculum, and superior portion of insula

25
Q

transduction mechanism of salty tastes

A

Na+ channels

26
Q

transduction mechanism of sour tastes

A

H+ channels

27
Q

transduction mechanism of sweet tastes

A

2nd messenger system

28
Q

transduction mechanisms of bitter tastes

A
  1. 2nd messenger system
  2. block K+ channels
29
Q

transduction mechanism of umami tastes

A

broken down AAs, bind to receptors on Na+ channels

30
Q

where are most bitter taste buds located on the tongue?

A

near the back

31
Q

where are most sour taste buds located on the tongue?

A

sides

32
Q

where are most sweet taste buds located on the tongue?

A

front/sides

33
Q

where are most salt taste buds located on the tongue?

A

front/sides