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NYCC Neuro 2 > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

the autonomic nervous system includes what 3 subdivisions?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric

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2
Q

where are cell bodies of preganglionic ANS fibers located?

A

clustered in a nucleus in the CNS

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3
Q

in general, where are cell bodies of postganglionic ANS fibers located?

A

clustered in a ganglion outside the CNS

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4
Q

preganglionic autonomic fibers release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

A

Ach - nicotinic

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5
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands/organs release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

A

NE - a/B noradrenergic

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6
Q

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers release ____ mediated by ____

A

Ach - muscarinic

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7
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate peripheral BVs, sweat glands and arrector pilli muscles release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

A

Ach - muscarinic

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8
Q

where are preganglionic sympathetic cells located?

A

intermediolateral gray of T1-L2

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9
Q

preganglionic sympathetic fibers exit through the ____ and briefly join the ____ and ____

A

v. root
spinal n.
v. ramus

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10
Q

what forms the white rami communicantes?

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers
(from v. ramus)

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11
Q

after the white rami communicantes, preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the ____

A

paravertebral sympathetic ganglia

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12
Q

what is innervated by sympathetics from T1-T4?

A

head & thoracic viscera

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13
Q

what is innervated by sympathetics from T5-L2?

A

abdominal & pelvic viscera

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14
Q

what is innervated by sympathetics from T1-L2?

A

peripheral BVs, sweat glands & arrector pilli muscles of body wall & limbs

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15
Q

where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers synapse to supply the body wall & limbs?

A

sympathetic chain ganglia at the same, higher, or lower level

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16
Q

what forms the gray rami communicantes?

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers
(to body wall & limbs)

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17
Q

fibers from the gray rami communicates enter into the ____

A

ventral ramus

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18
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the cervical, thoracic and lumbar ganglia reach their target via ____ and innervate…

A
  • dorsal & ventral rami
  • peripheral BVs, sweat glands & arrector pilli muscles of body wall & limbs
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19
Q

describe the path of preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the head & thoracic viscera

A

IML -> v. rami -> white rami communicantes -> cervical ganglia (inf, mid, sup) –< carotid/cardiac plexuses

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20
Q

where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the carotid plexus synapse?

A

superior cervical ganglion

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21
Q

where to preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the cardiac plexus synapse?

A

middle & inferior cervical ganglia

22
Q

lesion of superior cervical ganglion (or reticular formation in medulla)

A

Horner’s syndrome:
- ptosis
- meiosis
- anhidrosis
- enophthalmos

23
Q

preganglionic sympathetic fibers that go through the ganglia without synapsing form the ____

A

splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser, least, lumbar)

24
Q

splanchnic nerves synapse with ____

A

prevertebral ganglia (coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric)

25
Q

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the prevertebral ganglia innervate…

A

abdominal & pelvic viscera: GI tract, pancreas, liver, kidney, bladder, genitalia

26
Q

fibers from the splanchnic nerves that bypass prevertebral ganglia innervate the ____ which releases…

A

adrenal medulla
NE/E into circulation

27
Q

splanchnic nerves release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

A

Ach - nicotinic

28
Q

fibers from the prevertebral ganglia release ____ mediated by ____ receptors

A

NE - adrenergic

29
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic cells are found in…

A

cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
IML gray S2-4

30
Q

name the locations of preganglionic parasympathetic cells in the brainstem

A
  1. Edinger-Westphal nucleus (III)
  2. Superior salivatory nucleus (VII)
  3. Inferior salivatory nucleus (IX)
  4. Dorsal motor nucleus & nucleus ambiguus (X)
31
Q

preganglionic fibers from the oculomotor nerve synapse in the ____

A

ciliary ganglion

32
Q

preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve synapse in the ____ and ____

A

pterygopalatine ganglion
submandibular ganglion

33
Q

preganglionic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse in the ____

A

otic ganglion

34
Q

preganglionic fibers from the vagus nerve synapse with ____ and ____

A

diffuse thoracic & abdominal ganglia

35
Q

postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate…

A

sphincter pupillae & ciliary muscles

36
Q

postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate…

A

lacrimal gland
serous & mucous glands of nasopharynx

37
Q

postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate…

A

submandibular & sublingual salivary glands

38
Q

postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion innervate…

A

parotid salivary gland

39
Q

postganglionic fibers from the diffuse ganglia innervate…

A

heart
esophagus
lungs
stomach
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
foregut & midgut derivatives

40
Q

S2,3,4 IML column gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers which via the ____, innervate…

A

pelvic splanchnic nn
descending & sigmoid colon + pelvic viscera

41
Q

the enteric nervous system controls the function of…

A

GI tract
pancreas
gallbladder

42
Q

enteric sensory neurons respond to…

A

gut wall tension & changes to chemicals in the gut

43
Q

enteric motor neurons innervate…

A

smooth muscle, vasculature & secretion of the gut

44
Q

the enteric nervous system is composed of the ____ and the ____

A

myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus

45
Q

where is the myenteric plexus located?

A

between external longitudinal & circular smooth muscle layers

46
Q

where is the submucosal plexus located?

A

between circular smooth muscle & mucosa

47
Q

what type of sensory information does the facial nerve convey?

A

visceral chemosensory information about taste

48
Q

what type of sensory information does the glossopharyngeal nerve convey?

A

info from head & neck viscera

49
Q

what type of sensory information does the vagus nerve convey?

A

info from thoracic & abdominal viscera

50
Q

all sensory information of the ANS converges at the ____

A

solitary nucleus

51
Q

name 3 ways the solitary nucleus reacts to ANS sensory info

A
  1. direct control of ANS function by reflexes (project to X and spinal cord nuclei)
  2. projections to reticular formation & periaqueductal gray (regulate breathing, BP, HR, etc)
  3. projections to hypothalamus -> thalamus, amygdala, cingulate cortex
52
Q

how does the hypothalamus exert its function?

A
  • controlling brainstem & spinal cord nuclei that control temperature, HR, BP, respiration, feeding & metabolic rate
  • endocrine release of hormones that influence ANS function

NYCC Neuro 2 (28 decks)

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