Dementias, Tumors, & Diseases Flashcards
multiple sclerosis is a disease of ____
CNS demyelination
amyotropic lateral sclerosis is a disease of ____
motor neurons (UMN/LMN)
guillain barre is a disease of ____
PNS demyelination
myasthenia gravis is a disease of the ____
neuromuscular junction
parkinsons, huntington’s, and wilson’s diseases are diseases of the ____
basal ganglia
lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are examples of ____ tumors
metatastic
(most likely to affect brain)
how are brain tumors removed?
- one lesion: excision
- multiple/non-surgical lesions: radiation
name the 6 primary brain tumours
- glioma
- meningioma
- pituitary adenoma
- schwannoma
- lymphoma
- pineal tumors
name 3 types of glioma
- astrocytoma I, II, III, IV (glioblastoma multiforme)
- oligodendroglioma
- ependymoma
name 3 types of pediatric tumors
- cerebellar astrocytoma I
- medulloblastoma
- ependymoma
meningioma arise from ____
arachnoid villi
meningioma cause ____ and are usually ____
headaches
benign (sometime become non-resectable)
pituitary adenoma
- secrete: prolactin, GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, or non-functioning
- may compress chiasm
schwannoma is also called ____
acoustic neuroma (vestibular n)
pineal tumors may compress the ____ and cause ____
- aqueduct -> hydrocephalus
OR parinaud’s syndrome
name 2 nervous system infections
meningitis
creutzfeldt-jacob disease
what are the most common types of meningitis?
bacterial
viral
fungal
parasitic
symptoms of CSF infection (meningitis)
- headache
- lethargy
- photophobia
- fever
- nuchal rigidity
what is creutzfeldt-jacob disease?
prion-related spongiform appearance of the brain
symptoms of creutzfeldt-jacob disease
- progressive dementia
- exaggerated startle response
- myoclonus
- hallucinations
- ataxia
what is Alzheimer’s disease?
(type of dementia) cerebral atrophy with beta amyloid plaques & microtubule related tau neurofibrillary tangles
tau tangles are prominent in…
cholinergic nuclei:
- basalis of Meynart
- septal area
- nucleus of diagonal band of Broca
noradrenergic:
- locus caeruleus
serotoninergic:
- raphe nucleus
what are the substantia innominata?
cholinergic nuclei located deep to anterior perforated substance:
- basalis of Meynart
- septal area
- nucleus of diagonal band of Broca
symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease
- short-term memory & progressively long-term memory loss
- anomic aphasia (loss of names for common things)
- apraxia
- behavioural issues
