Older people

Question 1

Ways of measuring functional limitations of older people

Answer 1

• the katz ADL scale (activities of daily life)
• IADL (instrumental activities of daily living
• the Barthel ADL index (10 items measuring daily functioning)
  MMSE mini mental state examination

Question 2

The katz ADL scale

Answer 2

• bathing
• dressing
• toilet use
• transferring (in/out of bed/chair)
• urine and bowel continence
• eating

Question 3

IADL

Answer 3

• use of telephone
• travelling by car or using public transport
• food or clothes shopping
• meal preparation
• housework
• medication use
• management of money (paying bills)

Question 4

Barthel ADL index

Answer 4

1. feeding
2. moving from wheelchair to bed
3. grooming
4. transferring to and from toilet
5. bathing
6. walking on level surface
7. going up and down stairs
8. dressing
9. continence of bowels
10. continence of bladder

Question 5

MMSE

Answer 5

• orientation, immediate memory
• short-term memory
• language functioning

Question 6

Acute illness

Answer 6

• short duration
• starts quickly
• has sever symptoms

Question 7

Chronic illness

Answer 7

• persistent or recurring condition
• may or may not be severe
• starts with gradual slow changes

Question 8

Polypharmy

Answer 8

• use of multiple medications
• administration of more medications than are clinically indicated