Key theories in ethics

Question 1

Morality

Answer 1

distinction between good,evil and right,wrong

Question 2

Ethics

Answer 2

• system of moral principles
• branch of philosophy
• defines what is good for individuals and society

Question 3

Utilitarian/ consequentialism

Answer 3

• act evaluated solely on consequences
• maximising good and minimising harm
• types: hedonistic (pleasure), rule, act, preference

Question 4

Criticisims of utilitarianism

Answer 4

• can permit actions everyone knows is morally wrong
• creates a black and white approach

Question 5

Katianism (deontological)

Answer 5

• features of an act determines worthiness of that act
• following natural laws and rights
• categorical imperatives

Question 6

Categorical imperatives

Answer 6

• set of universal moral premises from which the duties are derived
• e.g. do not lie, kill etc.

Question 7

Criticisms of katianism

Answer 7

• only applies to rational humans
• ignores emotions and personal integrity

Question 8

Virtue ethics

Answer 8

• kind of person acting can deemphasize a rule
• if they are expressing good/bad character
• becomes virtuous only by practicing virtuous actions
• integrates reason and emotion

Question 9

What are the five focal virtues?

Answer 9

• compassion
• discernment
• trustworthiness
• integrity
• conscientiousness

Question 10

Criticisms of virtue ethics

Answer 10

• lack of agreement of what virtues are between people and societies therefore cannot be applied to it

Question 11

What are the 4 principles of being a doctor?

Answer 11

• autonomy
• benevolence
• non-maleficence
• justice

Question 12

What are the GMC duties of a doctor?

Answer 12

• protect and promote the health of patients and the public
• provide good standard of practice and care
• recognise and work within limits of your competence
• work with colleagues in the ways that best serve patient’s interests
• treat patients as individuals and respect their dignity