old white men

Question 1

development of the microscope and named “cell” by looking at corks

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

prove that spontaneous generation of cells/organisms does not now occur on Earth

Answer 2

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

meat experiment

shows limitation of cell theory: where did the first cell emerge from?

Answer 3

Francesco Redi

Question 4

protein lipid sandwich

how did they discover it?

Answer 4

Davson and Danielli
due to evidence from electron microscopy
phospholipid unstained while proteins stained

Question 5

fluid mosaic model
what did it falsify?
how did they discover it?

Answer 5

Seymour J. Singer + Garth L. Nicolson
falsified the Davson-Danielli model
freeze-fracture electron micrograph: globular proteins present in the center of the phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

model making to discover the structure of DNA

Answer 6

Francis Crick and James Watson

Question 7

evidence for the semi-conservative replication of DNA

spun samples of DNA with 15N in 14N medium

Answer 7

Meselson and Stahl

Question 8

made θ diagram of DNA being unzipped

Answer 8

Cairns

Question 9

experimental results on how pea plants passed on their characteristics
pure-bred short x TALL plants: castrate the plant to prevent self-pollination

Answer 9

Gregor Mendel

Question 10

develop evolution by natural selection

Answer 10

Darwin and Wallace

Question 11

environmental changes created needs that caused organisms to modify their existing structures to meet these needs
acquired characters would be passed on to later generations

Answer 11

Lamarckism

Question 12

did an experiment to falsify Lamarck’s idea

cut rat tails

Answer 12

August Weismann

Question 13

he was not the first to use the idea of genus, but he popularised its use along with the species name in a consistent way
Genus species

Answer 13

Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus

Question 14

falsified theories developed by the ancient Greek philosopher Galen
discovery of the circulation of the blood with the heart acting as the pump
hampered in his observational research into reproduction by the lack of equipment

Answer 14

William Harvey

Question 15

discovered penicillin
was examining culture plates on which he had grown Staphylococcus bacteria
one plate had a green mould Penicillium notatum growing with no bacteria

Answer 15

Alexander Fleming

Question 16

develop a method of producing the penicillin in liquid cultures and purifying the penicillin in these cultures

Answer 16

Howard Florey and Ernst Chain

Question 17

initially it was unclear whether genes were made of protein or DNA
2 strains of such T2 were used, one DNA had radioactive 32P and the other had radioactive 35S protein coat
the radioactive element 32P was in the bacteria

Answer 17

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Question 18

developed high resolution detectors that produce clear diffraction patterns in DNA
provided crucial evidence that DNA is a double helix

Answer 18

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

Question 19

discovered the Calvin cycle and the carboxylation of RuBP
used the green alga Chlorella and radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (14CO2) and hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-) to follow the path of carbon in photosynthesis
lollipop algae shit

Answer 19

Melvin Calvin (and Andrew Benson)

Question 20

chemiosmosis theory: completely new and proposed an indirect interaction between these enzymes with no intermediate compound

Answer 20

Peter Mitchell

Question 21

discovered non-Mendelian ratios in drosophila

developed his ideas of gene linkage to explain the results

Answer 21

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 22

equation: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p  = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
p + q = 1
frequency of genotypes
TT = p^2
Tt = 2pq
tt = q^2

Answer 22

Hardy-Weinberg

Question 23

administered the very first vaccine

noticed that people who milked cows that have cowpox almost never contracted the very serious disease smallpox

Answer 23

Edward Jenner