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Ophtho (sophomore) > Old test questions > Flashcards

Old test questions Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is the transpartent portion of the fibrous coat of the eye. It bends or refracts light rays towards the retina.

A

cornea

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2
Q

The majority of drainage of aqueous humor occurs at the _____

A

Iridocorneal angle

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3
Q

The outward protrusion of the globe due to a retrobulbar mass is called____

A

Exopththalmos

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4
Q

The ____ muscle is striated and closes the palpebral fissure.

A

Orbicularis oculi

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5
Q

Disease of which latyer of the cornea results primarily in corneal edema?

A

Endothelium

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6
Q

The epithelum of the cornea merges with the conjunctival epithlium at the ___

A

Limubus

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7
Q

Cycloplegia refers to the paralysis of which group of intraocular muscles?

A

Ciliary body muscles

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8
Q

The tapetum is located in the dorsal portion of the ______

A

Choroid

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9
Q

The lens grows from the inside out, which explains the age related loss of transparency of the lense known as ______

A

Outside in nuclear sclerosis

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10
Q

The optic nerve is composed of axons of which retinal cells?

A

Ganglion

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11
Q

Two uses of fluroscein

A
  • Corneal ulcer dx
  • nasolacrimal patency
  • TFBUT
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12
Q

Positive palpebral or corneal reflex requires normal function of CNs

A
  • V (trigeminal)
  • VII (Facial)
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13
Q

Topical mydriatic used for exams

A

Tropicamide

or atropin

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14
Q

Antibiotic of choice for conjunctivitis in cats

A

Chloramphenicol

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15
Q

Two drugs that stimulate tear production

A
  1. 0.2% cyclosporine (CSA)
  2. 0.02% tacrolimus and 1% pimecroliumus
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16
Q

Glaucoma drugs and mechanisms of action

  1. Dichlorphenamide
  2. Timolol
  3. Mannitol
  4. Pilocarpine
A
  1. Dichlorphenamide: Decreases aqueous production by blocking ciliary carboic anhydrase
  2. Timolol: decreases aqueous production by blocking adrenergic stimulation
  3. Mannitol: increases plasma osmotic pressure and dehydrates the vitrous
  4. Pilocarpine: Enhances aqueous outflow by contracting the cilary body
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17
Q

Cilia arising from meibomian glands and exiting from the normal meibomian gland opening at lid margin…..

A

Dystichiasis

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18
Q

Inward rolling of eyelid margin

A

Entropion

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19
Q

Normal value for K-9 schirmer tear test

A

15-25 mm wetting/min

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20
Q

Hypertropy and prolapse of nictitans gland

A

Cherry eye (common in beagles)

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21
Q

What biochemical component of the cornea is affected by bacerial protease (melts) and name a bacterial species infamous for being associated with this process?

A

Collagen

Pseudomonas

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22
Q

Presistent, refractory corneal ulcers are commonly found in what dog?

A

Boxers

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23
Q

In K-9 sicca, the Schirmer tear ttest is uncharacteristically…..

A

low

24
Q

Physiologic ankyloblepharon

A

Baby eyes fused together

open at 10-14 days

25
Q

Eversion of the nictitans basic surgical targer?

A

The horizontal arms of the t-shaped extensions of the nictitans cartilage.

26
Q

In eval of mature dog wtih central lower entropion? (4 things)

A
  1. The Sx is confined to the area of entropion
  2. primary or anatomic and secondary or spactic aspect of entropion are evaluated
  3. SI non-absorbalbe skin sutures may be used for the closure
  4. Slight undercorrection is recommended
27
Q

In TX of eyelid laceration, what is done first?

A

Appose eyelid

-do not ressect skin if at all possible

28
Q

Reported causes of KCS in dogs (4 things)

A
  1. Inheritance/breed
  2. Sulfonamides
  3. trauma
  4. immune-mediated

*not anticonvulsants

29
Q

In the TX of distichiasis…. (4 things)

A
  1. Eyelid splitting may be used for a few, but not the entire lid margin of distichia
  2. Key is to destroy the distichia follicle so it can’t regrow
  3. cryotherapy is a technique when many distichiae are present
  4. Electroepilation may be useful but is time comsuming if many hairs present
30
Q

What is usually indicated in all K-9 eyelid tumors?

A

Extensive blepharoplasty…..?

31
Q

One characteristic of indirect opthalmoscopy (I put 2 things)

A
  • Larger field of view
  • Image is inverted and reversed
32
Q

Conjunctival blood vessels will blanch when treated with topical _____

A

Phenylephrine

33
Q

Which glad may contribute to exopthalmos and orbital swelling lateral and ventral to orbit?

A

Zygomatic salivary gland

34
Q

When evaluating exophthalmos in a dog, eval of oral cavity is important to detect what? (4 things)

A
  1. Pain when mouth is opened
  2. Periodontal and tooth root abscesses
  3. Oral tumors that might extend into orbit
  4. Changes in oral cavity secondary to orbital dz
35
Q

Young golden retriever with bilateral exophthalmos, no pain opening mouth, retropulsion not painful, increase in retrobulblar muscle cone around optic nerve….

A

Extraocular muscle myositis

36
Q

Aqueous humor production involves which enzyme?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

37
Q

Which drug will increase the activity of tear film proteases in the presence of corneal ulcer?

A

Predisolone acetate

38
Q

Which dx test should be done in all painful eyes?

A

Fluorscein stain

39
Q

4 histologic laters of the cornea

A

Tear film

epithelium

sensory nerves

stroma

descemet’s membrane

endothelium

40
Q

Ectopic cilia are most commonly located at

A

12 o’clock position of the upper eyelid

41
Q

What should be evaluated or examined in chronic nonhealing corneal ulcers, and name the type of categores of Dzs to be worried about?

A
  • Non-infectious
    • tear production
    • eyelid margn conformation
    • presence of distichia/ectopic cilia
      • foreign bodies behind TE
  • Infectious
    • bacterial
    • fungal
    • vira
42
Q

In which part of eye is aqueous humor produced in most animals?

A

Ciliary body

43
Q

Reasons for corneal transparency…. (4 things)

A
  • Lack of blood vessels
  • non-keratinized anterior surface of epithelium
  • precise organization of the stromal collagen fibrils
  • relatively dehydrated cornea compared to sclera
44
Q

Drug that relieves uveitis-induced spasm of ciliary muscle

A

Atropine

45
Q

Tapetum location in dogs

A

Dorsal choroid

46
Q

Purpose of tapetum

A

aids in night vision

47
Q

Drugs contraindicated for corneal ulcers

A

Corticosteroids

48
Q

One drugs used to topically treat melting corneal ulcers (I put 3)

A
  • Acetylcystine
  • EDTA
  • Serum
49
Q

The majority of eyelid tumors in dogs

A

are benign

50
Q

Most common etiology of KCS in dogs

A

immune mediated

51
Q

Medical tx of choice for KCS

A

cyclosporine

52
Q

DX test that should always be run on k-9 with conjunctivitis

A

Schirmer tear test

53
Q

Clinical signs of orbital dz

A
  1. Exophthalmos
  2. exposure keratitis
  3. pain on opening mouth
54
Q

One ophthalmic dx technich for evaluating orbital dz

A

survey rads

55
Q

First steps in ophtho exam should be

A
  1. evaluate vision
  2. evaluate pupil sizes
  3. check PLRs
56
Q

Opthalmoscopy technique for screening

A

Indirect: bigger field of view and greater distance from patient

57
Q

Cause of 3rd eyelid protrusion (4 things)

A
  • Horner’s syndrome
  • Ocular pain
  • Tetanus
  • decreased ocular mass

Ophtho (sophomore) (11 decks)

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