Old test questions

Question 1

The _____ is the transpartent portion of the fibrous coat of the eye. It bends or refracts light rays towards the retina.

Answer 1

cornea

Question 2

The majority of drainage of aqueous humor occurs at the _____

Answer 2

Iridocorneal angle

Question 3

The outward protrusion of the globe due to a retrobulbar mass is called____

Answer 3

Exopththalmos

Question 4

The ____ muscle is striated and closes the palpebral fissure.

Answer 4

Orbicularis oculi

Question 5

Disease of which latyer of the cornea results primarily in corneal edema?

Answer 5

Endothelium

Question 6

The epithelum of the cornea merges with the conjunctival epithlium at the ___

Answer 6

Limubus

Question 7

Cycloplegia refers to the paralysis of which group of intraocular muscles?

Answer 7

Ciliary body muscles

Question 8

The tapetum is located in the dorsal portion of the ______

Answer 8

Choroid

Question 9

The lens grows from the inside out, which explains the age related loss of transparency of the lense known as ______

Answer 9

Outside in nuclear sclerosis

Question 10

The optic nerve is composed of axons of which retinal cells?

Answer 10

Ganglion

Question 11

Two uses of fluroscein

Answer 11

• Corneal ulcer dx
• nasolacrimal patency
• TFBUT

Question 12

Positive palpebral or corneal reflex requires normal function of CNs

Answer 12

• V (trigeminal)
• VII (Facial)

Question 13

Topical mydriatic used for exams

Answer 13

Tropicamide

or atropin

Question 14

Antibiotic of choice for conjunctivitis in cats

Answer 14

Chloramphenicol

Question 15

Two drugs that stimulate tear production

Answer 15

1. 0.2% cyclosporine (CSA)
2. 0.02% tacrolimus and 1% pimecroliumus

Question 16

Glaucoma drugs and mechanisms of action

1. Dichlorphenamide
2. Timolol
3. Mannitol
4. Pilocarpine

Answer 16

1. Dichlorphenamide: Decreases aqueous production by blocking ciliary carboic anhydrase
2. Timolol: decreases aqueous production by blocking adrenergic stimulation
3. Mannitol: increases plasma osmotic pressure and dehydrates the vitrous
4. Pilocarpine: Enhances aqueous outflow by contracting the cilary body

Question 17

Cilia arising from meibomian glands and exiting from the normal meibomian gland opening at lid margin…..

Answer 17

Dystichiasis

Question 18

Inward rolling of eyelid margin

Answer 18

Entropion

Question 19

Normal value for K-9 schirmer tear test

Answer 19

15-25 mm wetting/min

Question 20

Hypertropy and prolapse of nictitans gland

Answer 20

Cherry eye (common in beagles)

Question 21

What biochemical component of the cornea is affected by bacerial protease (melts) and name a bacterial species infamous for being associated with this process?

Answer 21

Collagen

Pseudomonas

Question 22

Presistent, refractory corneal ulcers are commonly found in what dog?

Answer 22

Boxers

Question 23

In K-9 sicca, the Schirmer tear ttest is uncharacteristically…..

Answer 23

low

Question 24

Physiologic ankyloblepharon

Answer 24

Baby eyes fused together

open at 10-14 days

Question 25

Eversion of the nictitans basic surgical targer?

Answer 25

The horizontal arms of the t-shaped extensions of the nictitans cartilage.

Question 26

In eval of mature dog wtih central lower entropion? (4 things)

Answer 26

1. The Sx is confined to the area of entropion 2. primary or anatomic and secondary or spactic aspect of entropion are evaluated 3. SI non-absorbalbe skin sutures may be used for the closure 4. Slight undercorrection is recommended

Question 27

In TX of eyelid laceration, what is done first?

Answer 27

Appose eyelid -do not ressect skin if at all possible

Question 28

Reported causes of KCS in dogs (4 things)

Answer 28

1. Inheritance/breed 2. Sulfonamides 3. trauma 4. immune-mediated \***not anticonvulsants**

Question 29

In the TX of distichiasis.... (4 things)

Answer 29

1. Eyelid splitting may be used for a few, but not the entire lid margin of distichia 2. Key is to destroy the distichia follicle so it can't regrow 3. cryotherapy is a technique when many distichiae are present 4. Electroepilation may be useful but is time comsuming if many hairs present

Question 30

What is usually indicated in all K-9 eyelid tumors?

Answer 30

Extensive blepharoplasty.....?

Question 31

One characteristic of indirect opthalmoscopy (I put 2 things)

Answer 31

* Larger field of view * Image is inverted and reversed

Question 32

Conjunctival blood vessels will blanch when treated with topical \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Phenylephrine

Question 33

Which glad may contribute to exopthalmos and orbital swelling lateral and ventral to orbit?

Answer 33

Zygomatic salivary gland

Question 34

When evaluating exophthalmos in a dog, eval of oral cavity is important to detect what? (4 things)

Answer 34

1. Pain when mouth is opened 2. Periodontal and tooth root abscesses 3. Oral tumors that might extend into orbit 4. Changes in oral cavity secondary to orbital dz

Question 35

Young golden retriever with bilateral exophthalmos, no pain opening mouth, retropulsion not painful, increase in retrobulblar muscle cone around optic nerve....

Answer 35

Extraocular muscle myositis

Question 36

Aqueous humor production involves which enzyme?

Answer 36

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 37

Which drug will increase the activity of tear film proteases in the presence of corneal ulcer?

Answer 37

Predisolone acetate

Question 38

Which dx test should be done in all painful eyes?

Answer 38

Fluorscein stain

Question 39

4 histologic laters of the cornea

Answer 39

Tear film epithelium sensory nerves stroma descemet's membrane endothelium

Question 40

Ectopic cilia are most commonly located at

Answer 40

12 o'clock position of the upper eyelid

Question 41

What should be evaluated or examined in chronic nonhealing corneal ulcers, and name the type of categores of Dzs to be worried about?

Answer 41

* Non-infectious * tear production * eyelid margn conformation * presence of distichia/ectopic cilia * foreign bodies behind TE * Infectious * bacterial * fungal * vira

Question 42

In which part of eye is aqueous humor produced in most animals?

Answer 42

Ciliary body

Question 43

Reasons for corneal transparency.... (4 things)

Answer 43

* Lack of blood vessels * non-keratinized anterior surface of epithelium * precise organization of the stromal collagen fibrils * relatively dehydrated cornea compared to sclera

Question 44

Drug that relieves uveitis-induced spasm of ciliary muscle

Answer 44

Atropine

Question 45

Tapetum location in dogs

Answer 45

Dorsal choroid

Question 46

Purpose of tapetum

Answer 46

aids in night vision

Question 47

Drugs contraindicated for corneal ulcers

Answer 47

Corticosteroids

Question 48

One drugs used to topically treat melting corneal ulcers (I put 3)

Answer 48

* Acetylcystine * EDTA * Serum

Question 49

The majority of eyelid tumors in dogs

Answer 49

are benign

Question 50

Most common etiology of KCS in dogs

Answer 50

immune mediated

Question 51

Medical tx of choice for KCS

Answer 51

cyclosporine

Question 52

DX test that should always be run on k-9 with conjunctivitis

Answer 52

Schirmer tear test

Question 53

Clinical signs of orbital dz

Answer 53

1. Exophthalmos 2. exposure keratitis 3. pain on opening mouth

Question 54

One ophthalmic dx technich for evaluating orbital dz

Answer 54

survey rads

Question 55

First steps in ophtho exam should be

Answer 55

1. evaluate vision 2. evaluate pupil sizes 3. check PLRs

Question 56

Opthalmoscopy technique for screening

Answer 56

Indirect: bigger field of view and greater distance from patient

Question 57

Cause of 3rd eyelid protrusion (4 things)

Answer 57

* Horner's syndrome * Ocular pain * Tetanus * decreased ocular mass