Old flash Flashcards
Chylothorax
Most commonly neoplastic
Associated with LAM
Pleural mets
Lung, breast, ovary, gastric, thymoma, lymphoma
Broncholithiasis
Most commonly erosion from calcified granulomatous node
Airway tumors
Adult tend to be malignant, child benign
Malignant: SCC (smoker), adenoid cystic (infiltrative), carcinoid, mucoepidermoid, lymphoma (MALT), mets, direct invasion
Benign: papilloma, chondroma, schwannoma, adenoma, hamartoma, haemangioma, lipoma, leiomyoma
Endobronchial mets
Breast, renal, thyroid, lung, melanoma, sarcoma
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
Posterior tracheal spared
Submucosal calcified osteocartilaginous nodules
Relapsing polychondritis
Multisystem Posterior trachea spared Tracheal and bronchial thickening in middle aged women Nose, ear, joints also involved Unknown aetiology
Fibrosing mediastinitis
A cause of pulmonary artery hypertension
Most commonly secondary to histo or TB
Tracheal disease, non-neoplastic
Relapsing polychondritis (smooth), tracehobrochopathia osteochondroplastica (nodular) [both spare posterior wall], TB, amyloid, Wegeners, Sarcoid Post-intubation Behcets and Crohns (rare)
Air crescent sign
Retraction of infarcted nodule in angioinvasive Aspergillosis, heralding recovery.
Semi-invasive aspergillosis
Seen in debilitated, diabetics, alcoholics, COPD
Necrotising granulomatous inflammation in response to chronic infection
Mycetoma
Intertwined hyphae in pre-existing cavity
Mycetoma is mobile within cavity, and will change position when patient imaged in different positions
TB, sarcoid, congenital, postinfections, post-traumatic cavity
Monod sign (gas surrounding the mycetoma)
Aspergillus
ABPA - asthma, finger in glove
Mycetoma - pre-existing cavity
Semi-invasive- chornic consolidation and cavitation in alcoholic, diabetic, debilitiated
Airways invasive - bronchopneumonia, tree-in-bud, immunocompromised
Angioinvasive - halo sign, air crescent sign, immunocompromised
Finger in glove
Mucoid impaction in bronchiectatic airway
ABPA, bronchial atresia, CF
Cryptococcus
AIDS
Fungus
Pulmonary infection usually coexists with meningitis
Wide range of appearances including cavitation, miliary, ground glass, consolidation
PCP
Bilateral perihilar ground glass or consolidation or crazy paving
Upper lobe pneumatoceles
Effusions 5%, adenopathy 10%
Adenopathy and effusions, and noules and consolidation more common in those receiving prophylaxis
Hot tub lung
Hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled mycobacteria, often in women
Reactivation TB
Lacks adenopathy in immuocompetent
Upper lobe predominant
Ghon focus, Ranke complex
Initial TB in upper lower lobe or lower upper lobe
Ranke complex is +lymphadenopathy
Primary TB
Adenopathy common - low attenuation with peripheral enhancement
Effusions
Ghon focus and Ranke complex
Empyema necessitans
TB, nocardia, actinomyces
Pulmonary abscess
Staph, pseudomonoa, anaerobes
Equal dimensions frontal and lateral views
Interstitial pneumonia
Viral, mycoplasma, chlamydia, PCP
Bronchopneumonia
Most commonly staph
Strep organisms
Young - mycoplasma, viral, chlamydira Old, smokers - leigonella Alcoholics / aspirators - klebsiella Hosp acq - MRSA, pseudomonas Ventilator - pseudomonas, acinetobacter
LAM
Lympangioleiomyomatosis
Proliferation of smooth muscle in small vessels, lymphatic, bronchioles
Bronchiolar obstruction and lung destruction
TS association
Child-bearing age women
Pneumothorax, chylous effusion
Round, regular cysts
Alveolar proteinosis
Crazy paving Idiopathic Superimposed nocardia Treat with lavage Alveoli fill with proteinaceous lipid rich material
Pulmonary LCH
Smokers Upper lobe predominant Nodules which turn into cysts, irregular Usually isolated lung, but may affect bone, pituitary, skin May have spontaneous pneumothorax
Diseases of lung and bone
Cancer, TB, fungal disease, sarcoid, gaucher, LCH
Radiation lung
Non-anatomic linear margins
Pneumonitis at 1-3-4 months, ground glass
Fibrosis at 6-12 months
Calcified nodules in trachea
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
