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Chest and vascular > Old flash > Flashcards

Old flash Flashcards

1
Q

Chylothorax

A

Most commonly neoplastic

Associated with LAM

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2
Q

Pleural mets

A

Lung, breast, ovary, gastric, thymoma, lymphoma

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3
Q

Broncholithiasis

A

Most commonly erosion from calcified granulomatous node

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4
Q

Airway tumors

A

Adult tend to be malignant, child benign
Malignant: SCC (smoker), adenoid cystic (infiltrative), carcinoid, mucoepidermoid, lymphoma (MALT), mets, direct invasion
Benign: papilloma, chondroma, schwannoma, adenoma, hamartoma, haemangioma, lipoma, leiomyoma

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5
Q

Endobronchial mets

A

Breast, renal, thyroid, lung, melanoma, sarcoma

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6
Q

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

A

Posterior tracheal spared

Submucosal calcified osteocartilaginous nodules

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7
Q

Relapsing polychondritis

A 
Multisystem
Posterior trachea spared
Tracheal and bronchial thickening in middle aged women
Nose, ear, joints also involved
Unknown aetiology
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8
Q

Fibrosing mediastinitis

A

A cause of pulmonary artery hypertension

Most commonly secondary to histo or TB

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9
Q

Tracheal disease, non-neoplastic

A 
Relapsing polychondritis (smooth), tracehobrochopathia osteochondroplastica (nodular) [both spare posterior wall], TB, amyloid, Wegeners, Sarcoid
Post-intubation
Behcets and Crohns (rare)
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10
Q

Air crescent sign

A

Retraction of infarcted nodule in angioinvasive Aspergillosis, heralding recovery.

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11
Q

Semi-invasive aspergillosis

A

Seen in debilitated, diabetics, alcoholics, COPD

Necrotising granulomatous inflammation in response to chronic infection

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12
Q

Mycetoma

A

Intertwined hyphae in pre-existing cavity
Mycetoma is mobile within cavity, and will change position when patient imaged in different positions
TB, sarcoid, congenital, postinfections, post-traumatic cavity
Monod sign (gas surrounding the mycetoma)

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13
Q

Aspergillus

A

ABPA - asthma, finger in glove
Mycetoma - pre-existing cavity
Semi-invasive- chornic consolidation and cavitation in alcoholic, diabetic, debilitiated
Airways invasive - bronchopneumonia, tree-in-bud, immunocompromised
Angioinvasive - halo sign, air crescent sign, immunocompromised

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14
Q

Finger in glove

A

Mucoid impaction in bronchiectatic airway

ABPA, bronchial atresia, CF

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15
Q

Cryptococcus

A

AIDS
Fungus
Pulmonary infection usually coexists with meningitis
Wide range of appearances including cavitation, miliary, ground glass, consolidation

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16
Q

PCP

A

Bilateral perihilar ground glass or consolidation or crazy paving
Upper lobe pneumatoceles
Effusions 5%, adenopathy 10%
Adenopathy and effusions, and noules and consolidation more common in those receiving prophylaxis

17
Q

Hot tub lung

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled mycobacteria, often in women

18
Q

Reactivation TB

A

Lacks adenopathy in immuocompetent

Upper lobe predominant

19
Q

Ghon focus, Ranke complex

A

Initial TB in upper lower lobe or lower upper lobe

Ranke complex is +lymphadenopathy

20
Q

Primary TB

A

Adenopathy common - low attenuation with peripheral enhancement
Effusions
Ghon focus and Ranke complex

21
Q

Empyema necessitans

A

TB, nocardia, actinomyces

22
Q

Pulmonary abscess

A

Staph, pseudomonoa, anaerobes

Equal dimensions frontal and lateral views

23
Q

Interstitial pneumonia

A

Viral, mycoplasma, chlamydia, PCP

24
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Most commonly staph

25
Q

Strep organisms

A 
Young - mycoplasma, viral, chlamydira
Old, smokers - leigonella
Alcoholics / aspirators - klebsiella
Hosp acq - MRSA, pseudomonas
Ventilator - pseudomonas, acinetobacter
26
Q

LAM

A

Lympangioleiomyomatosis
Proliferation of smooth muscle in small vessels, lymphatic, bronchioles
Bronchiolar obstruction and lung destruction
TS association
Child-bearing age women
Pneumothorax, chylous effusion
Round, regular cysts

27
Q

Alveolar proteinosis

A 
Crazy paving
Idiopathic
Superimposed nocardia
Treat with lavage
Alveoli fill with proteinaceous  lipid rich material
28
Q

Pulmonary LCH

A 
Smokers
Upper lobe predominant
Nodules which turn into cysts, irregular
Usually isolated lung, but may affect bone, pituitary, skin
May have spontaneous pneumothorax
29
Q

Diseases of lung and bone

A

Cancer, TB, fungal disease, sarcoid, gaucher, LCH

30
Q

Radiation lung

A

Non-anatomic linear margins
Pneumonitis at 1-3-4 months, ground glass
Fibrosis at 6-12 months

31
Q

Calcified nodules in trachea

A

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Chest and vascular (9 decks)

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