Old english history 2

Question 1

What languages were the anglo-saxons exposed to?

Answer 1

celtic and latin

Question 2

what languages belong to the germanic branch?

Answer 2

danish, swedish, norwegian, german, dutch

Question 3

what is proto-germanic?

Answer 3

a branch of the indo-european

Question 4

what are the major branches of indo-european languages?

Answer 4

celtic, baltic, slavic, american,tocharinan,

Question 5

what happend to the e and o vowels in sanskrit

Answer 5

they underwent changes and became an a

Question 6

greek and latin changed the intial bh to?

Answer 6

ph and f

Question 7

was indo-european an inflected language?

Answer 7

yes, it also made tense and plurality in indo-european.

Question 8

How many tenses did germanic have?

Answer 8

present and past tense

Question 9

How do we indicate other tenses?

Answer 9

with the use of auxiliary verbs

Question 10

what are the weak verbs?

Answer 10

Those that need a suffix to form past like -Ed to become past- as in walk-walked

Question 11

what are strong verbs ?

Answer 11

Those that change the vowel to become past tense as in sing-sang

Question 12

adjectives may occur in two diffent forms depending on the grammar of the sentence, which ones are they?

Answer 12

an- attached to a noun makes it weak

e-attached to a noun makes it strongc

Question 13

what languages does north germanic consist of?

Answer 13

danish, swedish, norwegian

Question 14

what languages does east germanic consist of?

Answer 14

gothic, and some other extinct languages

Question 15

what languages does west germanic consist of?

Answer 15

german, dutch, frisian and english

Question 16

How is passive voice indicated?

Answer 16

by the use of auxiliary verbs

Question 17

What is the runic alphabeth called?

Answer 17

Futhark

Question 18

What became english ?

Answer 18

germanic dialects

Question 19

Does germanic belong to the indo-european language?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

What is indo-european releated to?

Answer 20

afroasiatic and uralic

Question 21

what is a proto- language?

Answer 21

A language that is not attested in early writings

Question 22

what are cognates?

Answer 22

words from diffrent languages that may have a common ancestor

Question 23

What is the comparative method?

Answer 23

The method we use to compare languages with oneanother.

Question 24

what is indo-european a sub family of ?

Answer 24

Eurasiatic

Question 25

what is grims first law?

Answer 25

PTK voiceless stops becomes voicless fricatives f,ø,h

The change is frication

Question 26

What is grims second law?

Answer 26

Bdg, voiced stops become voicless stops p,t, k

The change is the loss of voice.

Question 27

what is grims third law?

Answer 27

The aspirated voiced stops bh, dh, gh loose their voice. Becomes regular b,d,g

Question 28

what happens in greek with grims law

Answer 28

bh,dh, gh becomes ph, th, ch

In greek the aspirated stops bh, dh, gh,

Question 29

What happens with latin with grims law?

Answer 29

bh, dh, gh becomes f, f, h

Question 30

what is the simplified version of grims law?

Answer 30

aspirated voiced stops becomes regular voiced stops, voiced stops becomes voicless stops and voicless stops become fricatives. .This happens in germanic, in greek and latin it happens in one stage. The sound changes were complete around the fifth centuryl