Language history 5

Question 1

What 5 languages does Bede claim that Britain has in his history of english

Answer 1

English, british, irish , pictish, latin

Question 2

What does Bede mean by british?

Answer 2

welsh and the language of scotti, what we would call irish

Question 3

What does the celtic speak?

What does the anglo-saxon speak?

Answer 3

The britons speak celtic

The anglo-saxon speak old english

Question 4

Is post conquest england mulitlingual in the medival period?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what was the language of the speakers before the anglo-saxon invasions?

Answer 5

celtic or brittonic, celtic or british

Question 6

What language did the people of England speak and read trugh the medival periods`?

Answer 6

Latin

Question 7

What are so-called donor or source languages?

Answer 7

French, latin and norse

Question 8

Did celtic have an influence on the british language?

Answer 8

No, it only about a dozen words were borrowed from the celts because the celts were subordinate people

Question 9

What is meant by the word danelaw

Answer 9

Danelaw dates from the 11 th. It is the area to the north and east of the old roman road known as watling street

Question 10

Is norse and scandinavinan the same language?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Who were the normans?

Answer 11

They had been scandinavians. They had been granted territory in northern France in the 10 th century. These early normans spoke old norse just like the scandinavians who settled in England at the same time. By 11th the normans gave up old norse and adopted the french language.

Question 12

What language does french decend from?

Answer 12

Latin -it is a romance language, not germanic like old english and old norse

Question 13

what is the term for French spoken in England?

Answer 13

Anglo-norman

Question 14

When did English triumph over french?

Answer 14

By mid to late 14th

Question 15

who initiates a lingustic change? Termed language contact?

Answer 15

The speakers not the language itself

Question 16

Give an example of borrowing?

Answer 16

an english speaker learns a new word form american english and uses that american word in his speech

Question 17

give an example of imposition of interference

Answer 17

a billingual french speaker uses a word or pronounciation from their mother tongue when speaking english. A new word or pronounciation derived from french woould be introduced into a passage of spoken english

Question 18

What happens to a word transferred trugh borrowing?

Answer 18

It is likely to have been nativized to the recipient language in terms of phonological shape or pronounciation

Question 19

what happens to a word transferred trugh imposition?

Answer 19

Is likely to preserve the phonology of the source language and introduce that to the recipient role

Question 20

How much of the english lexicon is comprised of loanwords?

Answer 20

70%

Question 21

Name some representative loanwords

Answer 21

Munuc (monk from latin monachus) lid (fleet from old norse lid) prut (proud from old french prud)

Question 22

What does it mean that a word is semantic?

Answer 22

Semantic has to do with the meaning of the words.

A semantic loanword is a word were the meaning of the loanword has been borrowed

Question 23

Give examples of works that has a lexical influence on english trugh latin, norse and french

Answer 23

cædmons hymn, the winchester inscription, and the peterborough chronicle

Question 24

Give examples of personal pronouns that were transferred from norse to english

Answer 24

they, them, their, she

Question 25

Did old english and middle english writers deliberately exclude or include norse and french loans because they were conscious that they were loans? Give an ex.

Answer 25

Yes, the text known as Ormulum

Question 26

what does it mean that a language is synthetic?

Answer 26

grammatical relationships are expressed morphologically trugh the addtion of inflexions

Question 27

what does it mean that a language is analytic?

Answer 27

grammatical relatiionships are expressed syntactically

Question 28

what does it mean that a word is syntactic

Answer 28

in a way that relates to the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence:
a syntactically complicated language

Question 29

where does english inflexions decay first?

Answer 29

in the north and east part of england first, then in the south and west.

Question 30

Did norse speakers carry features of norse pronounciation and articulation when they shifted to speaking english?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

When did french cease to be the mother tongue for the ango-norman aristocracy?

Answer 31

In the twelfth century