Language history 5 Flashcards
What 5 languages does Bede claim that Britain has in his history of english
English, british, irish , pictish, latin
What does Bede mean by british?
welsh and the language of scotti, what we would call irish
What does the celtic speak?
What does the anglo-saxon speak?
The britons speak celtic
The anglo-saxon speak old english
Is post conquest england mulitlingual in the medival period?
yes
what was the language of the speakers before the anglo-saxon invasions?
celtic or brittonic, celtic or british
What language did the people of England speak and read trugh the medival periods`?
Latin
What are so-called donor or source languages?
French, latin and norse
Did celtic have an influence on the british language?
No, it only about a dozen words were borrowed from the celts because the celts were subordinate people
What is meant by the word danelaw
Danelaw dates from the 11 th. It is the area to the north and east of the old roman road known as watling street
Is norse and scandinavinan the same language?
yes
Who were the normans?
They had been scandinavians. They had been granted territory in northern France in the 10 th century. These early normans spoke old norse just like the scandinavians who settled in England at the same time. By 11th the normans gave up old norse and adopted the french language.
What language does french decend from?
Latin -it is a romance language, not germanic like old english and old norse
what is the term for French spoken in England?
Anglo-norman
When did English triumph over french?
By mid to late 14th
who initiates a lingustic change? Termed language contact?
The speakers not the language itself
Give an example of borrowing?
an english speaker learns a new word form american english and uses that american word in his speech
give an example of imposition of interference
a billingual french speaker uses a word or pronounciation from their mother tongue when speaking english. A new word or pronounciation derived from french woould be introduced into a passage of spoken english
What happens to a word transferred trugh borrowing?
It is likely to have been nativized to the recipient language in terms of phonological shape or pronounciation
what happens to a word transferred trugh imposition?
Is likely to preserve the phonology of the source language and introduce that to the recipient role
How much of the english lexicon is comprised of loanwords?
70%
Name some representative loanwords
Munuc (monk from latin monachus) lid (fleet from old norse lid) prut (proud from old french prud)
What does it mean that a word is semantic?
Semantic has to do with the meaning of the words.
A semantic loanword is a word were the meaning of the loanword has been borrowed
Give examples of works that has a lexical influence on english trugh latin, norse and french
cædmons hymn, the winchester inscription, and the peterborough chronicle
Give examples of personal pronouns that were transferred from norse to english
they, them, their, she
Did old english and middle english writers deliberately exclude or include norse and french loans because they were conscious that they were loans? Give an ex.
Yes, the text known as Ormulum
what does it mean that a language is synthetic?
grammatical relationships are expressed morphologically trugh the addtion of inflexions
what does it mean that a language is analytic?
grammatical relatiionships are expressed syntactically
what does it mean that a word is syntactic
in a way that relates to the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence:
a syntactically complicated language
where does english inflexions decay first?
in the north and east part of england first, then in the south and west.
Did norse speakers carry features of norse pronounciation and articulation when they shifted to speaking english?
Yes
When did french cease to be the mother tongue for the ango-norman aristocracy?
In the twelfth century
