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Mental Health Year 4 Week 1 > Old Age Psychiatry > Flashcards

Old Age Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the potential causes of memory problems or confusion?

A
  • Trauma disassociation
  • Depression
  • Problems with senses
  • Hippocampus problems
  • Unclear information coming in
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2
Q

What is cognitive impairment?

A
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3
Q

What are the potential causes of confusion?

A
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4
Q

How to check for attention?

A
  • Ask someone to do something backwards (numbers, months, word)
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5
Q

How to know if someone has language problems?

A
  • Long pauses (latency) and word finding problems (hard to express themselves)
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6
Q

How to ask about Visio-spacial problems?

A
  • Do you bump into things?
  • Apraxias with individual tasks e.g. buttons, cutlery, reaching for things
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7
Q

Executive function problems check?

A
  • Getting cold to talk to
  • Problems with cooking, shopping, finances (forgetting pin, money)
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8
Q

What is the history taking in cognitive impairment?

A
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9
Q

What is the examination of cognitive impairment?

A
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10
Q

What are the investigations in cognitive impairment?

A

FBC - infection

TFT - hypothyroid

Calcium phosphate - function of the brain

CRP, ESR - inflammation

ECG - heart attack

Neuro imagine - any classic pattern of atrophy (with syndromes)

Copper and ceruloplasmin - for Wilson’s disease

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11
Q

What is delirium?

A
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12
Q

What is the confusion assessment method (CAM)?

A
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13
Q

What is a risk factor for delirium?

A
  • Change in environment
  • Age
  • Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
  • Constipation
  • Pain
  • Previous history of delirium
  • Infection
  • Medications (e.g. benzodiazepines as sedates them, tricyclic antidepressant - anti-cholinergic (as less acetylcholine neurotransmitter in the brain) medications)
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14
Q

What are the risk factors of delirium?

A
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15
Q

What are the common causes of delirium?

A
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16
Q

How to manage delirium patients?

A
17
Q

What is dementia?

A
18
Q

What is the aetiology behind dementia?

A
19
Q

Name some differential diagnosis’ of dementia

A
20
Q

Table fill in

A

Alzheimers history (tau and beta-amyloid involved) - gradual onset (history), forgetting simple things - gas, kettle, toaster, prosopagnosia (difficulty remembering faces), doing the same thing over and over again (repetition & hoarding), mood disturbances, word finding difficulties, aimless wondering (signs and symptoms)

Vascular dementia - history - post-stroke, stepwise memory loss,

Signs and symptoms - dependant on where the structural damage is

Lewy body dementia - history - stepwise memory loss

Signs and symptoms - visual hallucinations, REM sleep disorders, Parkinsonism (as Basal ganglia degeneration) often show cogwheel rigidity, postural hypotension, fluctuating attention, anosmia (poor smell)

Frontotemporal dementia

History - Change in personality

Signs and symptoms - angry, disinhibition

21
Q

What are the potential risks in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia?

A
22
Q

How to manage dementia management?

A
23
Q

What medications do you use for Alzheimer’s?

A
  • Memantine (NMDA - receptor antagonist works on glutamate)
  • Rivastigmine
  • Donepazil
  • ONE MORE
24
Q

How to treat vascular dementia?

A
  • Decrease risk factors of strokes
25
Q

How to treat Lewy Body dementia? (medication)

A
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors
26
Q

What medication to use in delirium?

A
  • Anti-psychotics
27
Q

What are some neuropsychiatric symptoms?

A
28
Q

Why might psychotic presentations in older adults be different?

A
29
Q

Explain psychotic disorder in older adults

A
30
Q

Explain very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis

A

Partition delusions - delusions about the possibility of people walking through walls and coming into their house

31
Q

What are the risk factors of depression in older adults?

A
32
Q

Depressive symptoms

A
33
Q

Explain bipolar affective disorder in older adults

A
34
Q

Explain anxiety disorder in older adults

A

Mental Health Year 4 Week 1 (11 decks)

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