Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mental Health Year 4 Week 1 > Introduction to mental health > Flashcards

Introduction to mental health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the percentage of GP consultations related to MH?

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the psychiatry specialities?

A

Core specialities

▪ General adult
▪ Old age
▪ Child and Adolescent
▪ Forensic
▪ Psychiatry of Intellectual disabilities

Other specialities

  • Perinatal
  • Addictions
  • Psychotherapy
  • RehabilitationandSocial • Liaison
  • Eatingdisorders
  • Academicpsychiatry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to classify mental and behavioural disorders?

A

Using the ICD11 (international classification of diseases) - is approved by WHO

Each mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorder listed includes description with guidance on meaning, that you can access through website.

DSM - used in america for lawyer reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathways to general adult psychiatry?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the psychiatric assessment process?

A
  • History
  • Psychopathology
  • Current level of functioning • Formulation including risk • Diagnosis
  • Management plan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of the psychiatric interview?

A
  1. Diagnostic
  2. To gain a biopsychosocial understanding of the patient’s problem
  3. Therapeutic & psycho-educational : Can be therapeutic in itself; Trust and the therapeutic alliance; improves the experience and outcomes in patients and clinicians.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What to ask in presenting complaint in psychiatric history?

A
  • Start with open questions
    • Onset
    • Duration
    • Character of symptoms
    • Severity and frequency
    • Impact on function
    • Precipitating / relieving factors
  • Move to closed questions if needed
  • Summarising statements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What to ask in past psychiatric & medical history, medications?

A
  • Previous episodes of illness
    • Triggers, Treatment, Recovery
    • Inpatient admission, MHA
    • ECT
  • Previous Suicide attempts, self harm
  • Physical illness, particularly relevant to mental health
    • Neurologicaldiseasee.g.epilepsy
    • Cardiovascular disease e.g. diabetes
  • Up to date list needed for medications
  • Ask about
    • Side-effects,Concordance,Allergies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Questions to ask for family history and personal history in a psychiatric history

A

• Psychiatric and medical diagnosis including

❖Drug/alcohol use

❖History of suicide

Childhood – birth, development, upbringing, family and siblings (abuse)

Education – friends, teachers, academic achievements, conflicts

Employment – chronological list of jobs held

Relationships – close relationships, reason for breakdown, children : any concerns?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Questions to ask for social circumstances, drug and alcohol history in a psychiatric history

A
  • Current occupation, Current family/relationship situation • Accommodation, Finances
  • Hobbies, Interests & Religion
  • Substances used – Quantities & Duration
  • Ask further detail if needed → CAGE (thought to cut down, angry if someone says to cut down, guilty for doing it, eye opener) & Previous treatments
  • Consider risks e.g. driving, aggression, risks to children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain pre-morbid history in psychiatric history

A

Character: How the person would describe themselves or others would describe them

  • *H**obbies & Habits: Interests, etc
  • *A**ims & Aspirations: What important to them in life?

Relationships: Number & Nature of, Repeated problems

  • *M**ood: Prevailing mood state
  • *S**tressors: Response to life stressors / Coping strategies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the risk assessment in psychiatric history?

A

▪ Risk to self
▪ Risk to others; children, animals, vulnerable (old, disabled, LD)

▪ Risk from others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Differential diagnosis’ in psychiatric history

A

▪ Always consider General Medical conditions

▪ V- vascular
▪ I- inflammatory (lupus, anti-NMDA)/infective

▪ N- neoplastic (Head tumour)

▪ D- drugs/delirium/degenerative (dementia)/deficiency

▪ I- idiopathic/intoxication/iatrogenic
▪ C- congenital
▪ A- autoimmune/allergic/anatomic

▪ T- traumatic
▪ E- endocrine/environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain the biopsychosocial approach in mental health

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the management plans in psychiatry?

A
  • Targets key elements of the aetiology
    • Biological
    • Psychological
    • Social
  • Addresses immediate and longer term needs
    • Treat acute problems
    • Promote recovery
    • Prevent relapse
  • May not always be a ‘treatment’
    • Further investigations
    • Collaborative history
    • Watchfulwaiting

Biological interventions

• Medications
Which one, Side effects, Concordance, Safety

• Physical Treatments
Treatment of other conditions, Review of Meds, ?ECT

Psychological interventions

Type of therapy, How is it delivered, How often, Target symptoms, Goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 P’s Formulation

A
17
Q

Briefly explain the MSE

A

• Appearance and Behaviour

  • Mood
  • Speech
  • Thought, form and content
  • Perceptions
  • Cognitive screen • Insight
18
Q

Explain appearance and behaviour in an MSE

A

• Eye contact

Tremors, tics, mannerisms

Cleanliness, dress, grooming, posture, gait

Attitude and engagement,

Psychomotor agitation; excessive physical activity accompanied by inner tension.

Psychomotor retardation; generalised slowing of cognitive, emotional or physical responses.

19
Q

Explain speech in an MSE

A

▪ Amount

▪Latency; a pause of several seconds before responding to a question

▪ Rate - pressure of speech (almost on top of each other)
▪ Rhythm

▪Tone - high/low

▪Volume

Poverty of speech = slow speech

20
Q

Explain emotion (mood and affect) in the MSE

A

▪ Affect; the emotional tone/variability characterised by speech and behaviour

▪ Mood; the prevailing emotional state sustained throughout the encounter:

▪ SUBJECTIVE - how they think they are
▪OBJECTIVE - how someone thinks they are
▪ Intensity - intensity of emotions
▪Appropriateness to situation.

▪ Appropriateness to situation:

▪ Congruent
▪ Blunted
▪ Flat

▪ Incongruent

21
Q

Explain thought and form and context in an MSE

A

FORM/PROCESS (how thoughts are organised in the mind)

▪ Thought blocking; (suddenly stops in the middle of a thought sequence)

▪ Decreased latency of response; (answering questions before you can finish asking them)

▪ Increased latency (long pauses before answering)

▪ Derailment (running ideas into each other)

▪ Distractibility

▪ Associations; intact, circumstantial or overinclusive (unnecessary details) , tangential (only initially responding), loose (unrelated responses)

▪ Word salad (random use of words) and neologisms /(creation of words- ‘kinetricity’)

CONTENT

▪ Delusions; fixed, firm and false beliefs not associated with religion and culture.

▪ Grandiosity

▪ Guilt

▪ Ideas of reference; perceptions that unrelated stimuli have a particular and unusual meaning specific to the person.

▪ Paranoia

▪ Passivity; submissive attitude to perceived superior

▪ Thought insertion/withdrawal.

▪ Compulsions: irresistible impulses to perform a behaviour

▪ Obsessions: recurrent, persistent idea, image or desire that dominates thought.

22
Q

What is a delusion?

A

A delusion is a fixed, irrational belief; immutable in the face of irrefutable evidence…

Irrationality is defined along two limbs:

  • Not based on logical thought/evidence and
  • Not shared by the patient’s subculture
23
Q

What are the types of delusions?

A

▪ Primary delusions; Rare, No precedent, suggestive of schizophrenia.

▪ Secondary delusion; ‘understandable’ secondary to mood or other abnormal mental symptoms, a delusional idea that manifests as an attempt to explain strange, senseless experiences e.g hallucinations in psychosis or guilt in depression )

▪ Can be Mood congruent/incongruent

▪ Examples:

▪ Somatic delusion - false belief that a person’s internal or external bodily functions are abnormal

▪ Delusional jealousy. The delusional conviction that their sexual partner is cheating.

▪ Delusions of grandeur. Its content involves an exaggerated view of one’s own importance, power, knowledge, or personal identity.

▪ Delusion of poverty. Having the idea that they’ll lose or have already lost all their material belongings.

▪ Cotard or nihilistic delusion. The idea that the world has ended and that nothing exists.

▪ Delusion of control. For example, thinking that feelings, impulses, thoughts, or actions are controlled or imposed by an external force. Typical delusions include thoughts being stolen, aligning with other people’s thoughts or telepathy.

▪ Erotomania. The patient thinks that someone else is madly in love with them. Curiously enough, it affects women more frequently than men, and often the person has the conviction that someone famous loves them (a movie star, a politician, etc.)

24
Q

What is an illusion?

A

Illusion (misperception of an actual stimulus)

▪ Example ; you wake up in the middle of the night and look at the chair full of clothes in the corner and think it’s the silhouette of a person.

▪ Illusions fade quickly when they pass through the ‘reason’ filter (rational reflection)

25
Q

What is a hallucination?

A

Hallucination (perception of absent stimuli); hallucinations present themselves with the same force and impact as reality. In fact, they resist all kinds of rational reflections.

▪ Examples:

▪ Visual

▪ Auditory,

▪ Gustatory and olfactory(*less common*) gustatory hallucinations can lead the person to believe someone’s trying to poison them through food,

▪ Somatic (bodily sensations/physical perceptions in parts of the body.

▪ Tactile or haptic These kinds of hallucinations involve the sense of touch. During them, there’s the perception of being touched, grabbed, burned, or being able to touch something that doesn’t really exist.

▪ Kinesthetic; They involve a wrong perception of the movement of the body itself. Thus, the person may feel they’re levitating or displacing.

Mental Health Year 4 Week 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions