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VS III > Old Age II > Flashcards

Old Age II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major age related eye diseases

A
  1. Glaucoma
  2. Cataracts
  3. Age related macular degeneration
  4. Diabetic Retinopathy
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2
Q

There are actually ____ types of diabetes

A

3

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3
Q

what is the effect of diabetes on the eyes

A

blood is supplied to the retina via the central retinal artery, when blood vessels do not function correctly, nutrients cannot reach the retina which leads to diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma or even blindness.

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4
Q

What is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in the US

A

diabetes

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5
Q

what are the 3 stages of diabetic retinopathy

A
  1. background diabetic retinopathy
  2. diabetic macular edema
  3. proliferative diabetic retinopathy
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6
Q

You don’t get ____symptoms with DR, early detection is key. Diagnosis is via fluorescein angiogram to determine source of leakage. Pigmented dye injected into arm vein. Or you could do a dilated retinal eye exam

A

any

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7
Q

How do you treat DR

A
  1. Laser surgery; to seal leaky blood vessels

2. focal/gridphotocoagulation

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8
Q

what are ex of retinal diseases

A
  1. glaucoma

2. age related macular degeneration

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9
Q

____ causes gradual degeneration of optic nerve cells due to pressure

A

glaucoma

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10
Q

what are the diff types of glaucoma

A
  1. chronic open angle: most common; iris has moved closer to the lens
  2. acute closed angle; rapid vision loss; iris gets pressed up against cornea
    3, low tension: pressure is normal; only ON is damaged
  3. congenital: inherited and affects infants
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11
Q

What are visible symptoms of glaucoma

A
  1. short term dimmed/fogged vision
  2. colored ring around artificial lights
  3. pain in forehead, ears, teeth,
  4. eye looks inflamed
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12
Q

how do you diagnose glaucoma

A
  1. check IOP
  2. slit lamp - examine ON after pupil dilation
  3. optic disk appears indented and looks pale yellow due to lack of blood.
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13
Q

how do you treat glaucoma

A
  1. Reduce IOP
  2. Traditional meds: prostaglandins, beta blockers, adrenergics (dec pressure by reducing AH production) and miotics (enhace capacity of drainage system)
  3. laser surgery
  4. Conventional incisional surgery
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14
Q

AMD damages central vision at ____ and is the most common cause of blindness in the US.

A

macula

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15
Q

What are two forms of AMD

A

Dry: less serious and more common; fatty deposits seen under retina’s light sensing cells.
Wet: more serious and rare; neovascularization occurs; they can break or leak to cause damage to eye.

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16
Q

CFH is associated with ___ AMD. HTRA1 is associated with ____AMD

A

wet; dry

17
Q

People with ____ or _____ allleles increase their liklihood of having disease by 47 times

A

CC or AA

18
Q

AMD generally affects ____ males over the age of 50 and smokers

A

caucasian

19
Q

Cause is unknown for ___ AMD. You get distorted reading vision, blurred vision and distorted vision. There are no treatments for this type of AMD.

A

dry

20
Q

in ____ AMD you see distorted vision, quick vision loss, and colors that appear faded. You diagnose it by pupil dilation and amsler grid test .

A

wet

21
Q

What are treatment options for wet AMD

A
  1. Anti VEGF treatments: Avastin, Lucentis, Macugen, and Eylea (injections that are expensive)
  2. Implantable telescope
  3. Laser photocoagulation
  4. Visudyne therapy
22
Q

What is an ex of lens disease

A

Cataracts

23
Q

What increases likelihood of cataracts

A
  1. sclerosis in lens
  2. exposure to UV radiation
  3. smoking & alcohol
  4. medical problems
  5. diabetes
  6. family history
24
Q

what are symptoms of cataracts

A
  1. blurred vision
  2. bad night vision
  3. double vision in one eye
  4. inc sensitivity to light
  5. need brighter light for reading
  6. seeing faded colors
25
Q

how do you diagnose cataracts

A
  1. check sharpness in vision with snellen chart
  2. pupil dilation test
  3. slit lamp
26
Q

how do you treat cataracts

A
  1. Glasses rx
  2. eye drops to allow more light to enter eye
  3. cataract removal surgery
  4. phacoemulstification; high frequency ultrasound
27
Q

Whats the diff between inter capsular and extra capsular cataract surgery?

A

Intra: larger incision; requires suture, more problems post op
extra: smaller incision, incision heals on its own,

28
Q

what is ex of a corneal disease

A

fuch’s corneal dystrophy

29
Q

Fuch’s is more prevalent is woman then men. Affects both eyes and is ______. It is caused by deterioration of_____ cells which leads to poor water drainage and swelling and shape change of cornea.

A

inherited; endothelial

30
Q

What are symptoms and diagnosis of Fuch’s

A

vision becomes blurred and distorted. Typically wake up with distorted vision and blurred vision and vision clears up as day progresses. Diagnose by slit lamp examination to magnify the cornea

31
Q

How is fuch’s treated

A
  1. salt water eye drops to soak up excess water before entering cornea
  2. blow hot air into eye to dehydrate it
  3. soft bandage CL
  4. corneal surgery
  5. cornea transplant

VS III (7 decks)

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