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VS III > Embryo Development > Flashcards

Embryo Development Flashcards

1
Q

What develops in weeks 3-4

A

eye fields and optic vesicle; takes

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2
Q

what develops in weeks 5-6

A

optic cup, lens vesicle, choroid fissure and hyaloid artery

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3
Q

what develops in weeks 7-8

A

“CARL”

cornea, anterior chamber, retina, and lens

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4
Q

what develops in weeks 8-10

A

eyelids

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5
Q

what develops in weeks 9-15

A

iris and ciliary body

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6
Q

eye fields develop from population of cells from inter _____ ____

A

neural plate

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7
Q

Eye fields start off in _____ of brain

A

prosencephalon

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8
Q

Optic grooves become the optic ____

A

stalk

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9
Q

eye fields become optic _____ which are connected by optic _____ which become the optic stalk

A

vesicles; grooves

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10
Q

Lens placode develops into lens vesicle & pinches off to surface -___

A

ectoderm

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11
Q

The two layers of the optic cup become ___ and pigmented layers of the retina

A

neural

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12
Q

the optic stalk forms the ______ fissure

A

choroid

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13
Q

Within fissure, the _____ artery grows and develops what is going to feed the dev in the eye.

A

hyaloid

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14
Q

what is the purpose of irido pupillary membranes

A

serves as the scaffolding for creating the iris; they persist up to birth

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15
Q

the lens placode becomes the lens ____, the optic vesicle becomes the optic _____

A

vesicle, cup

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16
Q

where does the outer epithelial layer come from?

A

neural/surface ectoderm

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17
Q

Where does the inner layer come from

A

neural crest cells

18
Q

Which type of cells are migratory

A

neural crest cells

19
Q

The eyelid remains closed up until the _____ trimester

A

third

20
Q

The iris forms from the optic _____

A

cup

21
Q

What are the 2 pathways of the retina

A
  1. making ganglion and amacrine cells
  2. Making cones and horizontal cells
    - Both groups can form rods and bp cells
22
Q

which cells are made before birth

A

ganglion and horizontal cells

23
Q

which cells are the initial differentiation cells

A

amacrine, cones, GC and horizontal cells

24
Q

which cells are made after birth

A

amacrine, rods, muller, and bipolar cells

25
Q

An optic ____ is usually the first thing we see

A

nerve

26
Q

Which cells serve as scaffolding for other cells to latch on?

A

Radioglial cells

27
Q

Which layer becomes one of the first specified layers?

A

ganglion cell layer

28
Q

what is a special type of synapse that doesn’t occur anywhere else in the nervous system

A

ribbon synpase; bp cells make synaptic junctions with PR

29
Q

which cells make synapses first

A

cones and horizontal cells

30
Q

how does the sequencing of synapses occur?

A

Always horizontal cells with cone/rod first then cone/rod to bipolar cells next.

31
Q

Our glutamate receptors appear to ___ bp cells so our first response is excitatory, which is in the dark

A

off

32
Q

Our amacrine cells start off with strong _____ response

A

on

33
Q

Which animal starts off with anisotropic gc receptive field but then becomes isotropic when exposed to light?

A

turtle

34
Q

What is necessary to facilitate the age-related loss of on-off GC with maturation

A

light stimulation

35
Q

Whats the difference between monocular deprivation in birth vs as an adult?

A

At birth: All dominance columns shift to the open/non sutured eye
As adult: The number of cells in covered eye decreases…the cortical activity is reduced. (after critical period)

36
Q

What is the critical period for cats?

A

First 12 weeks of life (3 months)

37
Q

Explain reverse suturing

A

If you suture right eye of cat during critical period and then unsuture right eye and then suture left eye, the right eye would have opportunity to generate own ocular dominance column and get some binocular function back.

38
Q

What happened when they studied monkeys during binocular deprivation in complete darkness

A

deterioation of visual cortex, atrophy of cortical regions, remained blind for the rest of their lives.

39
Q

Only the ____ cells return to their normal size. Magno cells don’t respond as well.

A

parvo

40
Q

T/F Binocular activation had a significant benefit

A

F; leaving both eyes open resulted in permanent amblyopia

VS III (7 decks)

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