Ointments and Creams Flashcards
Ointment definition
Semisolid preparation that is intended for the skin or other mucous membranes.
Are all ointments medicated?
no
What can unmedicated ointments be used for?
Physical Effects as protectants, emollients or lubricants
What can an ointment base be used for?
Can be used as vehicles for medicated ointments or for their physical effects
Four types of ointment bases?
Oleaginous
Absorption
Water-removable
Water-soluble
Define Oleaginous Bases
Hydrocarbon bases
Can have an emollient effect and protect against the escape of moisture. Can be effective for a long period of time.
T/F: Oleaginous bases contain water, and when theyre added, they are added with ease.
FALSE. Do not contain much water & if they are, it’s HARD to add them. SMALL AMOUNTS
Name four oleaginous bases
Petrolatum, USP
White Petrolatum USP
Yellow Ointment , USP
White Ointment, USP
Petrolatum, USP commercially
Vaseline
Petrolatum, USP- color
yellow- amber color
Can Petrolatum can be used alone or in combination with other agents?
Yes, to both.
White petrolatum, USP
Decolorized version of petrolatum
Benefits of having white petrolatum be decolorized?
More esthetically pleasing to patients and to pharmacists
Commercial product of White petrolatum?
White Vasline
Yellow Ointment USP. How is it formulated?
Yellow Wax and petroleum mixed together
What is yellow wax?
Obtained from honey combs of bees
How is Yellow Ointment created?
Melting yellow wax in a water bath and adding the petrolatum until the mixture is uniform and then cooling it down.
White Ointment, USP
White Wax and white petroleum mixed together
What is white wax?
Bleached and purified yellow wax
Name the two types of absorption bases
Those that permit aqueous solutions (W/O) emulsions, and those that ARE W/O emulsions and allow for more aqueous solutions.
Are absorption bases easily removed from the skin? why or why not
NO. The external phase of absorption phases is oil. So it will not wash easily
Why are absorption bases useful (in terms of aqueous solutions) ?
Because they are used to incorporate small amounts of aqueous solutions into hydrocarbon bases.
How can absorption bases be used to incorporate water into hydrocarbon bases?
Incorporating the aqueous solution into the absorption base which is then added to the hydrocarbon base
Hydrophilic Petrolatum formulation
Cholesterol
Stearyl Alcohol
White Wax
White Petrolatum
How can Hydrophilic Petrolatum be made? Steps
Melting stearyl alcohol in a steam bath, adding cholesterol and dissolving, adding white petrolatum and mixing and then stirring until congealed
Commercial version of hydrophilic petrolatum?
Aquaphor.
What is useful about adding drugs to an absorption base like Aquaphor
Have the capacity to hold three times its weight in water. Can be useful to incorporate medication into this base.
What % of Eucerin is a W/O Emulsion?
50%
How is Lanolin, USP made?
Obtained from the wool of sheep and cleaned and purified.
What type of base is lanolin?
Absorption Base
What type of base is Hydrophilic Petrolatum?
Absorption Base
Modified Lanolin, USP
Absorption base
How is Modified Lanolin, USP created?
Is lanolin that ice processed further to reduce the contents of free lanolin alcohols and detergent residues
Water removable bases
Oil in water emulsion resembling creams. O/W
What is the external phase of a water removable base?
Aqueous.
Is it easy for a water removable base cream, to be removed from the skin?
Yes, it has an external phase that is aqueous.
Hydrophilic Ointment, USP
Water removable base
T/F: Water removable bases can absorb serous discharges
True
If a wound is leaking water, what type of ointment would you put on it?
Any water -removable base ointment like Hydrophilic Ointment, USP
Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in a formulation
Emulsifying agent
Formulation contains stearyl alcohol and white petrolatum. What phase is this considered?
This is the oleaginous phase of the emulsion
If there are other ingredients like purified water, what phase would this be considered?
The aqueous phase
What is the role of ingredients like methylparaben & Propylparaben?
preservatives
T/F: Water-soluble bases contain many oleaginous components
FALSE. NONE
are water-soluble bases easily water washable?
Yes, they are even referred to as greaseless.
Should we add alot of water to a water soluble base
NOOOOOOOOOO
It is used for the incorporation of solid substances
PEG Ointment
Example of a water-soluble base
PEG physical properties
Clear, colorless liquids and pliable semisolid liquid.
