OINA for the posterior and anterior

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

Origin – external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of
C7 to T12

2. Insertion – posterior border of lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process, and
   spine of the scapula
3. Innervation – spinal root of the accessory n. CN XI
4. Action – elevation from the upper fibers, retraction from the middle fibers and
   depression from the lower fibers

Question 2

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 2

O – spinous processes of the vertebrae T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,
inferior 3 to 4 ribs and inferior angle of the scapula

2. I – medial lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus (anterior to teres major)
3. N – thoracodorsal n.
4. A – extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus, elevates the body when
   climbing

Question 3

Levator Scapulae

Answer 3

O – posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 to C4 vertebrae

2. I – superior part of the medial border of the scapula
3. N – dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
4. A – elevates scapula, rotates head to the same side

Question 4

Rhomboid major

Answer 4

O – spinous process of T2 to T5 vertebrae

2. I – medial border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the inferior angle
3. N – dorsal scapular n. (C4-5)
4. A – retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula

Question 5

Rhomboid minor

Answer 5

O – spinous processes of C7 and T1 and the ligamentum nuchae

2. I – medial border of the scapula from the level of the spine to the superior angle
3. N – dorsal scapular n. (C4-5)
4. A – retracts and downwardly rotates the scapula

Question 6

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 6

0 – ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 thru T3

2. I – 2nd to 5th ribs
3. N – ventral primary rami of first 3 to 4 thoracic nerves
4. A – elevates the superior 4 ribs to increase the size of the thorax

Question 7

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 7

0 – spinous processes of T11 thru L2

2. I – the inferior three or four ribs
3. N – ventral primary rami of last 4 thoracic nerves
4. A – depress the inferior 3 to 4 ribs to prevent superior pull by the diaphragm

Question 8

Splenius capitis

Answer 8

0 – ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T3

ii. I – mastoid process, occipital bone
iii. N – dorsal primary rami
iv. A – rotate the head and neck to the same side; neck and head extension

Question 9

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 9

O – Spinous processes of T3 to T6

ii. I – Transverse processes of C1 to C4
iii. N – dorsal primary rami
iv. A – rotate the head and neck to the same side; extend head and neck

Question 10

The Erector Spinae Muscles

Answer 10

Origin – broad tendon that attaches to the iliac crest, sacrum, sacroiliac
ligaments, and sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes

ii. Innervation – dorsal primary rami

Question 11

Spinalis

Answer 11

Origin – spinous processes of T11-L2

2. Insertion – spinous process of the upper 4 to 8 thoracic vertebrae
3. Action – extensors of the vertebral column

Question 12

Semispinalis

Answer 12

Action – Semispinalis capitis bilaterally extends the head, and unilaterally it rotates the head to the same side

v. Innervation – dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves

Question 13

Multifidus

Answer 13

O: the vertebral arches

I: spinous processes,
spanning 1 to 3 vertebrae

N: dorsal rami of the spinal nerves

Action – unilaterally – flexes the trunk laterally, rotates vertebra to the
opposite side. Bilaterally – extends the trunk

Question 14

Rotatores

Answer 14

O: the transverse process of one vertebrae

I: the base
of the spinous process of the superior vertebrae

iv. Innervation – dorsal rami of spinal nerves

iii. Action – rotation of the superior vertebrae to opposite side
(Functionally, they probably serve a proprioceptive role rather than biomechanical role)

Question 15

External abdominal oblique

Answer 15

0 – external surface of the 5th to 12th ribs

ii) I – linea alba, pubic crest, iliac crest, pubic symphysis
iii) N – Inferior 5 thoracic nerves and subcostal nerve(T12) and iliohypogastric
iv) A – flex and rotate trunk, laterally rotate the trunk, compress abdominal contents

Question 16

Internal abdominal oblique

Answer 16

O – Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament

ii) I – linea alba, pubic crest, ribs 10-12 inferior surface
iii) N – lower 5 thoracic nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
iv) A – flex and rotate the trunk, laterally rotate the trunk, compress abdominal contents

Question 17

Transversus abdominis

Answer 17

0 – thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral one third of the inguinal ligament, internal
surface of costal cartilage’s 7 to 12

ii) I – linea alba, pubic crest, pubic symphysis
iii) N – lower 5 thoracic nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
iv) A – compress and support abdominal viscera

Question 18

Rectus abdominis

Answer 18

0 – pubic symphysis, pubic crest

ii) I – xiphoid process, 5th and 7th costal cartilage’s
iii) N – lower 5 thoracic nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric
iv) A – flexes trunk and tenses anterior abdominal wall

Question 19

Psoas major

Answer 19

0 - transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5

(2) I - lesser trochanter with iliacus
(3) N - ventral primary rami of L1-L3
(4) A - flexion of the thigh, lateral flexion of the trunk and flexion of the trunk

Question 20

Psoas minor

Answer 20

0 - bodies of vertebrae T12 and L 1 and the disc in-between

(2) I- pubic bone
(3) N - ventral primary ramus L 1
(4) A - flexion of the pelvis and vertebral column

Question 21

Iliacus

Answer 21

0 - iliac fossa

(2) I - lesser trochanter with psoas major
(3) N - femoral nerve
(4) A - flexion of the thigh

Question 22

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 22

0 - iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, and transverse processes of lower Lumbar vertebrae

(2) I - rib 12, transverse process of upper Lumbar vertebrae
(3) N - subcostal and upper lumbar ventral primary rami

(4) A - flexion of the trunk laterally, extend vertebral column, elevate the hip, stabilize 12
rib against inspiration