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core chemistry (mine) > Oils and emulsions > Flashcards

Oils and emulsions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two ways of extracting oil from seeds

A
  • pressing

* distillation

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2
Q

What happens when you mix oil and water

A

They do not mix they seperate

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3
Q

Why is it bad too add too much oil to our diets

A
  • lots of calories

* could be turned into gat if not burned off

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4
Q

Why are oils part of our diet

A
  • add nutrients

* add energy to out food

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5
Q

What is the smoking temperature of oil

A

Temperature which oil catches fire

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6
Q

Why do things cool quicker in oil than water

A

Water boils at 100 degrees and oil gets to a much higher temperature

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7
Q

Why is vegetable oil used to cook food instead of water

A
  • improve taste
  • cools quicker
  • adds nutrients
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8
Q

What is the bromine test

A

Add bromine water to unsaturated oil and it will decolourise

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9
Q

What is a hydrophollic

A

A molecule attracted to water

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10
Q

Whats a hydrophobic

A

A molecule that’s attracted to oil

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11
Q

What is an emulsion made off

A

Emulsions are made up of lots of droplets of one liquid suspended in another liquid

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12
Q

What happens with an emulsions when you add more oil

A

The more oil the thicker it is

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13
Q

What are emulsifiers

A

Molecules with one part attracted to water and another attracted to oil

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14
Q

How are emulsifiers used in food

A
  • emulsifiers stop emulsions from separating out and give them a longer shelf life
  • allow food companies to produce food thats lower in fat but still has good texture
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15
Q

What is the bromine test

A

Add bromine water to unsaturated oil and it will decolourise

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16
Q

What is a hydrophollic

A

A molecule attracted to water

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17
Q

Whats a hydrophobic

A

A molecule that’s attracted to oil

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18
Q

What is an emulsion made off

A

Emulsions are made up of lots of droplets of one liquid suspended in another liquid

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19
Q

What happens with an emulsions when you add more oil

A

The more oil the thicker it is

20
Q

What are emulsifiers

A

Molecules with one part attracted to water and another attracted to oil

21
Q

How are emulsifiers used in food

A
  • emulsifiers stop emulsions from separating out and give them a longer shelf life
  • allow food companies to produce food thats lower in fat but still has good texture
22
Q

What is the bromine test

A

Add bromine water to unsaturated oil and it will decolourise

23
Q

What is a hydrophollic

A

A molecule attracted to water

24
Q

Whats a hydrophobic

A

A molecule that’s attracted to oil

25
Q

What is an emulsion made off

A

Emulsions are made up of lots of droplets of one liquid suspended in another liquid

26
Q

What happens with an emulsions when you add more oil

A

The more oil the thicker it is

27
Q

What are emulsifiers

A

Molecules with one part attracted to water and another attracted to oil

28
Q

How are emulsifiers used in food

A
  • emulsifiers stop emulsions from separating out and give them a longer shelf life
  • allow food companies to produce food thats lower in fat but still has good texture
29
Q

What is an emulsion

A

A mixture of things that normally don’t mix

Water and oil

30
Q

What do you need to make an emulsion

A

An emulsifier

31
Q

List 4 uses of emulsions

A
  • paint
  • moisturiser
  • mayonnaise
  • milk
32
Q

What can vegetable oils such as rapeseed and soybean oil be turned into and why

A

Fuels because they provide a lot of energy and really suitable for use as fuels

33
Q

What is ‘polymerisation’

A

A reaction of monomers together in a chemical reaction

34
Q

List 3 problems with plastics:

A
  • expensive to separate from rubbish
  • can’t reshape them a lot
  • takes a lot of energy to melt them down
35
Q

How do you make ethanol by fermentation of sugars

A
  • sugar cane plants are crushed and soaked in water for one day
  • the solution is separated by filtration
  • yeast is added to the sugar solution and fermented for three days
  • the yeast is separated from the solution of water and ethanol by filtration
  • ethanol is separated by fractional distillation
35
Q

How do you make ethanol by hydration of ethene

A
  • ethene comes from crude oil
  • fraction distillation longer hydrocarbons are cracked
  • smaller alkanes such as ethene are produced
  • the reaction of ethene with steam to produce ethanol is known as hydration
  • it takes place in a reactor at high temperatures and pressures, with a catalyst of phosphoric acid
36
Q

Describe the method of pressing

A
  • seed oils are collected and crushed
  • mixed with water and left to stand for a day
  • pressed to extract oil
  • oil separated from water and bottled
37
Q

Describe the method of distillation

A
  • crushed plants and solvent are heated in a flask
  • the mixture evaporates
  • the gas then condenses
  • the water made is left in a flask as they separate the water and oil
38
Q

Discuss the positive and negatives with fermentation of sugars

A
  • Renewable
  • has a natural catalyst (yeast in enzymes)
  • batch process
  • slow process
  • impure - needs to be separated from water and ethanol
39
Q

Discuss the positives and negatives with the process of hydration of ethene

A
  • continuous process
  • fast process
  • 100% pure
  • non renewable
  • has a catalyst of phosphoric acid (dangerous)
40
Q

What is the process of pressing

A

1) seeds/oils are collected and crushed
2) mixed with water and left to stand
3) pressed to extract oil
4) oil is separated from water and bottled

41
Q

What is the process of distillation

A

1) crushed plants and solvent are heated in a flask
2) the mixture evaporates
3) the gas then condenses
4) the water made is left in the flask

42
Q

What are the positives for fermentation of sugar

A

Renewable

Yeast catalyst which breaks it down in enzymes

43
Q

What are the negatives for fermentation if sugars

A

Batch process
Slow
Impure - separated from water and ethanol

44
Q

What are the positives of hydration of ethene

A

Continuous process
Fast
100% pure

45
Q

What are the negatives for hydration of ethene

A

Non renewable

Phosphoric acid catalyst

core chemistry (mine) (7 decks)

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