Crude Oil Flashcards
Define cracking
Splitting up long chains into small chained hydrocarbons makes an alkene into an alkane
Define polymer
Adding small polymers together long chains from short chains
What are the conditions needed for cracking
Heat
Over porous clay
Define hydrogenation
Adding hydrogen to a double bond makes an alkene into am alkane
Define alkane
Hydrocarbons with only single bonds
Saturated
Conditions needed for hydrogenation
- 60 degrees
- hydrogen
- nickel catalyst
Define alkene
Hydrocarbon with a double bond
Unsaturated
Steps of fractional distillation
Heating Evaporation Separation Condensation Fractions
What is the general formula for alkanes
Cn H2n+2
Double the carbons and add two
General formula for alkenes
Cn H2n
Double the carbon to find the hyrdogen
What does saturated mean
Only contains single bonds
What does unsaturated mean
Contains double bonds
Properties of short hydrocarbons
- low melting and boiling point
- runny (low viscosity)
- gases
Define hydrocarbon
A compound made up of carbon and hydrogen only
Define fractional distillation
Separating different length hydrocarbons into fractions
Define crude oil
Mixture of different lengthened hydrocarbons
Properties of long hydrocarbons
- High melting and boiling point
- viscous
- liquid or solid
Is an alkane saturated or unsaturated
Alkanes are saturated
Alkenes are unsaturated
What are the benefits of biodiesel
- produce less greenhouse gases
- may not produce any particles
- alternate to fossil fuels
- renewable
What are the drawbacks of biodiesel
- expensive
- food shortage
- increased use of fertilisers
- clogging in the engine
What are the benefits of using ethanol as a fuel
- renewable
* sustainable
What are the disadvantages of using ethanol as a fuel
- has a lower heat combustion
- not environmentally friendly
- lots of land required
What are the advantages as using hydrogen as a fuel
- environmentally friendly
* efficient
What are the disadvantage of using hydrogen as a fuel
- pollution
* only works in a high temperature
