Metals

Question 1

Why can carbon displace iron in iron oxide

Answer 1

Carbon is more reactive than iron

Question 2

Why are pure metals soft

Answer 2

Atoms can slide over each other

Question 3

What are the uses of aluminium

Answer 3

• coke cans
• aeroplanes
• foil

Question 4

What are the properties of aluminium

Answer 4

• light
• easily shaped
• strong

Question 5

Why can we mine pure gold

Answer 5

Because its not very reactive

Question 6

Why cant carbon displace sodium for sodium oxide

Answer 6

Sodium is more reactive than carbon

Question 7

What is phytomining

Answer 7

Using plants to extract metal from low grade ores

Question 8

Why can scrap iron displace copper

Answer 8

Iron is more reactive than copper

Question 9

Why are alloys hard

Answer 9

distorted 3rd arrangement of metal making it harder for atoms to slide off

Question 10

What does malleable mean

Answer 10

Easy to shape

Question 11

Why do we use electrolysis

Answer 11

To extract metals which are more reactive than carbon

Question 12

What is electrolysis

Answer 12

Splitting a compound into its elements using electricity

Question 13

What is bioleaching

Answer 13

Using bacteria to extract metals from low grade ores

Question 14

What is reduction

Answer 14

Taking oxygen out of a substance

Question 15

What does ductile mean

Answer 15

Easy to make into wires

Question 16

What is smelting

Answer 16

Using carbon to take oxygen from a metal oxide

Question 17

What is oxidation

Answer 17

Adding oxygen to a substance

Question 18

What is an ore

Answer 18

Compounds from which metals can be extracted from

Question 19

When a metal atom loses an electron what charge is the ion

Answer 19

Positive

Question 20

When a non metal atom gains an electron what charge is the ion

Answer 20

Negative

Question 21

What is ionic bonding

Answer 21

• the metal atom loses and electron creating a positive ion
• the non metal atom gains an electron creating a negative ion
• the opposite charge of the ions means they’re strongly attached to each other

Question 22

What is covalent bonding

Answer 22

• a compound from non-metals consists of molecules
• each atom shares an electron with another atom
• each atom has enough covalent bonds to fill up its outer shell

Question 23

What is a metal ore

Answer 23

A rock which contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting the metal from it

Question 24

How can a metal be extracted by reduction with carbon

Answer 24

• when an ore is reduced oxygen is removed from it

Question 25

What is the negative electrode called

Answer 25

Cathode

Question 26

What is the positive electrode called

Answer 26

Annode

Question 27

What is the process of bioleaching

Answer 27

* the bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulphur, separating out the copper from the ore in the process * the leachate (the solution produced by the process) contains copper, whicn can be extracted (e.g: filtering)

Question 28

What is the process of phytomining

Answer 28

* growing plants in soil that contains copper * the plants can't use or get rid of the copper so it gradually builds up in the leaves * the plants cam be harvested, dried and burned in a furnace * the copper can be collected from te ash left behind in the furnace

Question 29

Why is mining ores bad for the environment

Answer 29

* noise * scarring of the landscape * loss of habitats * deep mine shafts can be dangerous

Question 30

Why should we recycle metals

Answer 30

* mining and extracting metals can take lots of energy most of which comes from burning fossil fuels * fossil fuels are running out so its important to conserve them. (Burning them also contributes to acid rain, global dimming and climate change) * energy isnt cheap, recycling saves money * theres only a finite amount of each metal in the earth

Question 31

What are the properties of titanium

Answer 31

* light | * resistance to corrosion

Question 32

What are the uses of titanium

Answer 32

* artificial hips | * pipes in nuclear stations

Question 33

What is displacement

Answer 33

* if a reactive element comes into contact with a less reactive compound a chemical reaction may take place * the less reactive element is removed from the compound and replaced by the more reactive element