OG Questions Flashcards
Rather than ignore a company that seems about to fail, investment analysts should recognize that its reorganization and recent uptick in revenue, combined with its dynamic new leadership, indicate that the firm’s prospects must be taken seriously
A. Rather than ignore a company that seems about to fail,
B. Rather than ignoring a company that is about to seemingly fail,
C. Instead of a company that is seemingly about to fail being ignored,
D. Instead of ignore a company that seems about to fail,
E. In place of ignoring a company’s imminent failure seemingly about to occur
Rather than = shows preference of one item/action over another
Instead of / In place of = one item/action replaces another
So eliminate B/C/D
In A/B, B has parallelism issue
Traffic safety officials predict that drivers will be equally likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as the current one
(A) equally likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as
(B) equally likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as they are
(C) equally likely that they will exceed the proposed speed limit as
(D) as likely that they will exceed the proposed speed limit as
(E) as likely to exceed the proposed speed limit as they are
As likely as is the correct idiom with this we are only left with option E
Written early in the French Revolution, Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to be the result of the dominance of aristocratic values and patriarchal hereditary privilege.
(A) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to be the result of
(B) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to result from
(C) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to
(D) in A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft attributed Europe’s social and political ills to have been the result of
(E) Mary Wollstonecraft, in A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), attributed Europe’s social and political ills to
D/E could be easily eliminated
A/B has redundancy issues as “Attributed to” means “to result from” or “to be the result of”
Also correct idiom is attributed to
Over the past ten years cultivated sunflowers have become a major commercial crop, second only to soybeans as a source of vegetable oil.
A. second only to soybeans as a source of vegetable oil
B. second in importance to soybeans only as a source of vegetable oil
C. being second in importance only to soybeans as a source of vegetable oil
D. which, as a source of vegetable oil, is only second to soybeans
E. as a source of vegetable oil only second to soybeans
You can directly eliminate B/D/E based on what does only modifies. In D/E only second to soybeans indicates that they might be third/fourth to other kind of crops, but that’s not the intended meaning here.
In A and C use of being is invalid in C hence answer is A
Technically, “quicksand” is the term for sand that is so saturated with water as to acquire a liquid’s character.
(A) that is so saturated with water as to acquire a liquid’s character
(B) that is so saturated with water that it acquires the character of a liquid
(C) that is saturated with water enough to acquire liquid characteristics
(D) saturated enough with water so as to acquire the character of a liquid
(E) saturated with water so much as to acquire a liquid character
Notice the subtle difference between to acquire and acquire
To acquire means acquiring based on intentions while acquire means something which just happens.
So eliminate A/C/D/E
Custodian fees and expenses, as described in the statement of operations, include interest expense incurred by the fund on any cash overdrafts of its custodian account during the period.
A. include interest expense incurred by the fund on any cash overdrafts of its custodian account during the period
B. are to include interest expenses on any cash overdrafts of its custodian account the fund incurred during the period
C. includes interest expense the fund incurred during the period on any cash overdrafts of its custodian account
D. may include interest expense during the period that the fund was to incur on any cash overdrafts of its custodian account
E. including interest expense on any cash overdrafts of its custodian account incurred by the fund during the period
A. no error
B. are to include indicates not included yet while A is more clear indicating it already includes. Also, it says expenses indicating there are multiple expenses
C. S-V issue
D. I selected D earlier, but the issue with D is that incorrectly modifies period and it is not the period that would be incurred
E. no main verb
Although some had accused Smith, the firm’s network manager, of negligence when the crucial data went missing, the CEO defused a situation that was quite tense with her public statement that the debacle was not Smith’s fault.
A. a situation that was quite tense with her public statement that the debacle was not Smith’s fault
B. a situation that was quite tense, by publicly stating that the debacle was not Smith’s fault
C. a situation, which was quite tense, by stating publicly that Smith was not responsible for the debacle
D. a quite tense situation with a public statement about the debacle not being Smith’s fault
E. a quite tense situation by publicly stating the debacle not to have been Smith’s fault
Starting with easy eliminiations
E. indicates that till not it’s not Smith fault but in future, it might be, because of usage of have been so eliminate this
D. Situation is not trying to be Smith’s fault
C. I selected this as the answer thinking that “which” would mean only one situation and that would mean multiple situations but which modifies the clause unrestrictively, so in this case, it would signify that whatever comes between comma is not required in the sentence and is additional info. but if we do that we lose the essential meaning of the sentence, hence this is wrong
In A and B it’s a tough call, but B is more clear as it doe not have pronoun her, and also it clarifies how the situation was resolve by the CEO
Ramón pointed out that food high in whole-grain fiber creates the energy we need to fight illnesses—as do vegetables and lean proteins.
(A) fiber creates the energy we need to fight illnesses—as do vegetables and lean proteins
(B) fiber in addition to vegetables and lean proteins, create the energy we need to fight illnesses
(C) fiber creates the energy we need to fight illnesses, along with vegetables and lean proteins
(D) fiber, vegetables, and lean proteins creates the energy we need to fight illnesses
(E) fiber, as vegetables and lean proteins, create the energy we need to fight illnesses
I selected D but it changes the meaning of the sentence
You can eliminate B/E because of S-V issue, they use plural verb create while it should be singular creates as food is singular
C - This is INCORRECT because it changes the meaning to something kind of silly! This sentence says that foods high in fiber create energy to fight illnesses, vegetables, and proteins! High-fiber foods are only supposed to fight illnesses - not fight other foods.
D - This is also INCORRECT because it changes the intended meaning. This sentence is telling us that only foods that have all 3 qualities at the same time - fiber, vegetables, and lean protein - can create energy to fight off illnesses. It SHOULD say that each of these 3 distinct food groups - fiber, vegetables, and lean proteins - fight off illnesses.
Hence A is correct
Although the rise in the Producer Price Index was greater than expected, most analysts agreed that the index was unlikely to continue going up and that inflation remained essentially under control.
A. that the index was unlikely to continue going up and that inflation remained
B. that it was unlikely for the index continuing to go up and for inflation to remain
C. that the index was unlikely to continue to go up, with inflation to remain
D. on the unlikelihood that the index would continue going up and that inflation remained
E. on the unlikelihood that the index would continue to go up and for inflation to remain
B/E has parallelism issues
C/D also has parallelism issues
In some types of pine tree, a thick layer of needles protects the buds from which new growth proceeds; consequently they are able to withstand forest fires relatively well
(A) a thick layer of needles protects the buds from which new growth proceeds; consequently they are able to withstand forest fires relatively well
(B) a thick needle layer protects buds from where new growth proceeds, so that they can withstand forest fires relatively well
(C) a thick layer of needles protect the buds from which new growth proceeds; thus, they are able to withstand relatively well any forest fires
(D) since the buds from which new growth proceeds are protected by a thick needle layer, consequently they can therefore withstand forest fires relatively well
(E) because the buds where new growth happens are protected by a thick layer of needles, they are able to withstand forest fires relatively easily as a result
i selected E and missed that it contains where and where in GMAT is only used for location. So eliminate B/E
D has redundancy issue consequently and therefore
In A/C , A is more clear
The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light”, a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
I missed understanding that essay can be a critique because critique here means - a detailed analysis and assessment of something, and thought that a critique could only be a person.
To map Earth’s interior, geologists use a network of seismometers to chart seismic waves that originate in the earth’s crust and ricochet around its interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower through hotter rocks.
(A) interior, most rapidly traveling through cold, dense regions and slower
(B) interior, which travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions, and more slowly
(C) interior, traveling most rapidly through cold, dense regions and more slowly
(D) interior and most rapidly travel through cold, dense regions, and slower
(E) interior and that travel most rapidly through cold, dense regions and slower
A/D/E are easy elimination as they have parallelism issue also slower than what?
The reason I eliminated C was traveling could modify either geologist or wave but given the immediately preceding clause has a subject wave traveling correctly modifies waves. Remember that ‘ing’ modifier can either modify the subject of a preceding clause or the entire clause.
In B which correctly refers to waves but we have two stacked modifiers and also the parallelism is broken in B, so B is out “that originate in the earth’s crust…” / “which travel most rapidly…” these two are not connected by any conjunction hence the issue
Companies are relying more and more on networked computers for such critical tasks as inventory management, electronic funds transfer, and electronic data interchange, in which standard business transactions are handled via computer rather than on paper.
(A) in which standard business transactions are handled via computer rather than on paper
(B) where computers handle standard business transactions rather than on paper
(C) in which computers handle standard business transactions instead of on paper
(D) where standard business transactions are handled, not with paper, but instead via computer
(E) in which standard business transactions are being handled via computer, in place of on paper
Comparison in all choices are incorrect, eliminated the correct answer with no solid reasoning. I eliminated A for the reason that it is passive voice but it ain’t the case
- Correct comparison via computer vs on paper
- standard business transactions and on the paper incorrect comparison.
- standard business transactions and of on paper
- Where modifies place
- preposition of should be followed by a noun but not by another preposition. Gmat rockstar told me this
The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.
(A) that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but
(B) that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also
(C) having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but
(D) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also
(E) cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but
I missed noticing S-V issue
A. The phrase “evidence for centrally administered complex societies” creates an illogical meaning. Something could yield evidence for the prosecution. But yielding evidence for “centrally administered complex societies?” That makes it sound as though an archaeologist handed these societies a bunch of evidence-laden folders. That makes no sense.
You could also argue that the modifier “that were arising simultaneously with…” is a little bit confusing. Does it modify “northern regions of the Middle East”? Nope: the regions weren’t arising. So I guess it modifies “centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East.” That’s logically completely fine, but you might have to re-read the sentence a couple of times to figure out exactly what’s going on in the sentence. So it’s not WRONG, but it’s not super-clear, and the right answer avoids that construction entirely.
B. The subject of the sentence is “The first trenches,” and the verb here is “yields.” Nice juicy subject-verb disagreement. (B) is out.
C.Others have noted the faulty parallel construction here. After the parallel trigger, “but” we have “independently of,” or adverb + preposition. Beforehand, we have “simultaneously,” but no preposition. So (C) is wrong.
D. Again, subject-verb disagreement. It should be “The first trenches… yield.”
E. Looks fine, so (E) is our answer.
About 5 million acres in the United States have been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia with milky sap that gives mouth sores to cattle, displacing grasses and other cattle food and rendering rangeland worthless.
(A) States have been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia with milky sap that gives mouth sores to cattle, displacing grasses and other cattle food and rendering
(B) States have been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia, with milky sap, that gives mouth sores to cattle and displaces grasses and other cattle food, rendering
(C) States have been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia having milky sap that gives mouth sores to cattle and displacing grasses and other cattle food, rendering
(D) States, having been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia with milky sap that gives mouth sores to cattle, displaces grasses and other cattle food, and renders
(E) States, having been invaded by leafy spurge, a herbaceous plant from Eurasia that has milky sap giving mouth sores to cattle and displacing grasses and other cattle food, rendering
Verb-ing modifier modifying the action of preceding clause so A renders the meaning illogical i.e.
The comma + verb-ing modifier must modify the preceding action logically and must also make sense with the doer of the modified action.
In this official sentence, the comma + verb-ing modifiers displacing and rendering illogically modifies the preceding action gives by presenting the result of this action. Grasses and other cattle food are not displaced and rangeland are not rendered worthless because leafy spurge gives mouth sores to cattle.
