Grammar Review - Aristotle Flashcards
Do non-countable nouns have plural forms?
No, they never have plural forms
How are relative pronouns used in the sentence?
Relative pronouns are used to introduce a relative clause in the sentence, unlike personal pronoun they never remove that noun from the sentence rather gives more information about the noun i.e. they act as a modifier in the sentence
How to identify if a preposition phrase has ended?
A preposition phrase always start with a preposition and they end when with a noun or pronoun
What are conjunctive adverbs?
Conjunctive adverbs are used to show relationships such as cause and effect, contrast, comparison, etc. Conjunctive adverbs include words such as therefore, however, moreover, thus, nevertheless, etc.
When they are used in sentences they should always be preceded by a semicolon and should be followed by a comma, the only exception is when they are part of the clause itself, only then above rule does not hold true
What are gerunds?
Gerunds are the ‘-ing’ form of verbs but they never act as verbs in the sentence. They act as nouns and plays all the role which a noun usually plays in a sentence i.e. they can act as a subject, object or object of preposition
e.g.
Running is a good exercise (Running is subject here)
My friends do not appreciate my singing (singing is object here)
What are participles?
Participle are of two types, present participles or past participle, both of which acts as adjective in the sentence and present participles are usually used to show cause and effect relationship.
Please note, never confuse participles with verbs, we can use present participle in past/future tense sentence and past participles in present/future tense sentence e.g.
I didn’t wake up the sleeping baby (sleeping is present participle here and used in past tense sentence)
Present participle are ‘ing’ form of words
Past participle ‘ed’ and ‘en’ form of verbs
What are infinitives?
An infinitive is a word consisting of to plus a verb in its simplest form i.e. ‘to + verb’ form
They can acts as adjective, nouns or adverb in the sentence
The children wanted to eat ( to eat acting as noun)
We must learn to behave ( to learn acting as adverb)
How to decide between an infinitive and a participle?
An infinitive is almost always used to show intention ot desire, whereas participles(specially present) is almost always used to show the result or effect of something
John drove his car at 150 kmph, causing an accident (causing expresses driving at 150 was the result of an accident)
John drove his car at 150 kmph to cause an accident
(cause expresses driving at 150 was the intent to cause an accident)
