Oesophagus

Question 1

Oesophagus type of epithelium

Answer 1

Stratified squamous non-keratinising

So can heal and regenerate fast

Question 2

Structure after mucosa

Answer 2

Submucosa, muscularis mucosa, Latina propia, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle ( can have lymphoid tissue)

Question 3

Muscle types running down oesophagus?

Answer 3

Top third skeletal
Second mix
Third circular

Question 4

Sphincters of oesophagus

Answer 4

Upper - anatomical, epiglottice and the vocal folds help

Lower - physiological, kink in muscle (acid reflux can cause metaplasia […..])

Question 5

Degulation

Answer 5

(Swallowing)
ORAL PHASE, Bolus of food - some of chewed passed to pharyngeal area of tongue and Water held by pillars
PHARYNGEAL PHASE, tongue blocks mouth, soft pallet blocks nasopharynx, epiglottice relaxes blocking larynx (also preventing down trachea)
OESOPHAGEAL PHASE, epiglottice constricts pushing good down and peristalsis (muscle constricts behind bolus and relaxes and shortens In front and lower sphincter relaxes

Question 6

Oesophageal and trachea issues

Answer 6

A - lower oesophagus joins to trachea and upper is dead end
B - both dead ends
C - oesophagus connected but still connected to trachea
( A and C both cause lung infections and A causes vomiting )

Other issues - dysplasia at lower sphincter