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1MB Gastroenterology > Oesophageal Disease > Flashcards

Oesophageal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Acute oesophagitis is more common than chronic oesophagitis. True/False?

A

False

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2
Q

What are some causes of acute oesophagitis?

A

Chemical abuse -> corrosion
Infection (herpes, candidiasis)

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3
Q

What is the main cause of chronic oesophagitis?

A

Reflux disease [reflux oesophagitis]

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4
Q

What are the 3 main causes of GORD?

A

Incompetent LOS
Poor oesophageal motility/clearance
Impaired mucosal barrier

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5
Q

Name 3 complications of reflux oesophagitis

A

Ulceration/bleeding
Stricture formation due to scarring
Barrett’s Oesophagus

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6
Q

Define “Barrett’s Oesophagus”

A

Replacement of stratified squamous epithelium -> columnar epithelium [metaplastic change]

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7
Q

How is Barrett’s Oesophagus pre-malignant?

A

Mucosa becomes unstable, and persistent acid insult increases risk of developing dysplasia and carcinoma

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8
Q

What is allergic oesophagitis?

A

Immune-mediated oesophagitis caused by reaction to food
Eosinophilic infiltrates present

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9
Q

Benign oesophageal tumours are rarer than malignant tumours. True/False?

A

True

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10
Q

What is the most common benign oesophageal tumour?

A

Squamous papilloma

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11
Q

What are the two main types of malignant oesophageal tumour?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus is commoner in males. True/False?

A

True

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13
Q

Where is adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus most likely to develop? Why?

A

Lower 1/3 of oesophagus
Reflux insult is greatest here

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14
Q

Give examples of symptoms of GORD

A

Heartburn
Waterbrash (hyper-salivation)
Dysphagia, odynophagia
Reflux
Chest pain

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15
Q

What are the main investigations for GORD?

A

Endoscopy
Barium swallow
Manometry (pressure) studies
Nuclear imaging

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16
Q

Name the ALARM Symptoms

A

Anaemia
Loss of weight
Anorexia
Recent progressive symptoms
Malaena or haematemesis
Swallowing difficulty

17
Q

Antacids provide symptomatic relief and heal oesophagitis in GORD. True/False?

A

False
Provide symptom relief but no healing or preventative qualities

18
Q

H2 receptor antagonists mainly provide symptomatic relief of GORD; give an example of one

A

Ranitidine

19
Q

Proton pump inhibitors provide symptomatic relief and heal oesophagitis. True/False?

A

True

20
Q

When is surgery indicated for GORD?

A

To repair LOS
When PPIs ineffective (cheaper doing surgery than being on PPI for 7+ years)

21
Q

Which investigations are indicated for diagnosing oesophageal cancer?

A

Endoscopy
Barium meal
CT scan

22
Q

Name some contraindications to surgery for treating oesophageal cancer

A

Invasion of adjacent structures
Widespread metastasis
Poor health/lack of fitness

1MB Gastroenterology (23 decks)

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