Colonic Disease

Question 1

What is a polyp?

Answer 1

A protrusion of an epithelial surface

Question 2

What is an adenoma?

Answer 2

A benign epithelial tumour that produces glands

Question 3

All polyps are adenomas. True/False?

Answer 3

False

Question 4

All adenomas are dysplastic and may form adenocarcinoma. True/False?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the primary treatment of adenocarcinoma of the colon?

Answer 5

Surgical excision

Question 6

Colorectal carcinoma is found most commonly on which side - right or left?

Answer 6

Left (75%)

Question 7

What is a diverticulum?

Answer 7

Outpouching of epithelial lining

Question 8

What is the difference between diverticulosis and diverticulitis?

Answer 8

Diverticulosis = diverticular disease = the presence of diverticula
Diverticulitis = inflammation of diverticula

Question 9

List some investigations for diverticular disease

Answer 9

Sigmoidoscopy
Barium enema

Question 10

Which part of the colon is most susceptible to diverticular disease?

Answer 10

Sigmoid colon

Question 11

What is a fistula?

Answer 11

Pathological connection between two epithelial surfaces

Question 12

What is the main management procedure for diverticular disease?

Answer 12

Hartmann procedure

Question 13

Describe Hartmann procedure

Answer 13

Remove sigmoid colon and connect colostomy bag to descending colon

Question 14

What are the most common organisms that cause infective colitis?

Answer 14

C. difficile
Campylobacter
E. coli

Question 15

Name some symptoms of acute and chronic colitis

Answer 15

Diarrhoea with/without blood
Cramping pain
Dehydration
Weight loss

Question 16

Which part of the colon is most commonly affected by ischaemic colitis?

Answer 16

Sigmoid colon (diverticular disease too - it just gets all the shit…)

Question 17

What is the most common cause of ischaemic colitis?

Answer 17

Atherosclerosis of mesenteric vessels

Question 18

Which organism is mostly behind antibiotic-induced colitis?

Answer 18

C. difficile

Question 19

What is the classic presentation of collagenous colitis?

Answer 19

Watery diarrhoea
Normal endoscopy

Question 20

Familial adenomatous polyposis is a type of CRC caused by mutation in which gene?

Answer 20

APC (tumour suppressor) gene

Question 21

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is caused by mutation in which gene?

Answer 21

DNA mismatch repair gene

Question 22

HNPCC is more common than FAP. True/False?

Answer 22

True