Oesophageal Carcinoma Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two main types of oesophageal cancer?
A
- SCC
2. Adenocarcinoma
2
Q
Which type is the most common worldwide?
A
SCC
3
Q
Which type is the most common in Western countries?
A
Adenocarcinoma
4
Q
Where is an SCC normally found in an oesophagus?
A
upper 2/3
5
Q
Where is an adenocarcinoma normally found in an oesophagus
A
lower 1/3
6
Q
What are the risk factors for SCC?
A
- underlying oesophageal disease
- smoking, alcohol, hot liquids
- most common in asia
- betel nut
7
Q
What are the risk factors for adenocarcinoma?
A
- Barret’s Oesophagus
- smoking
- obesity
- GERD
8
Q
What are the signs and symptoms?
A
- Progressive dysphagia ( solids to liquids)
- odynophagia
- Constitutional symptoms
- regurgitations and aspiration
- Haematemesis
- anaemia
- Horseness of voice
- cough (tracheal irritation)
9
Q
What is the diagnostic investigation?
A
Endoscopic biopsy
10
Q
What are other forms of investigation and why are they used?
A
- Barium swallow - suggestive
- EUS - visualize and localise lymphnodes
- CXR, CT - metastasis
- PET - metatasis
11
Q
What is treatment if there is distant metastatic disease?
A
- Systemic therapy
- Treat symptoms - stent
12
Q
What is the treatment for local but advanced disease (nodal involvement)?
A
- concurrent external beam radiation and chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-FU_
13
Q
What is the treatment if it is detected early?
A
- endoscopic resection
- oesphagectomy
- Chemo and radiation
