Oesophageal cancers epidemiology and aetiology

Question 1

What are the typical histological types of oesophogeal cancer?

Answer 1

• Squamous cell carcinoma (typically caused by smoking and alcohol) Upper to mid oes
• Adenocarcinomas ( caused by gastrointestinal reflux disease and body mass index)

Question 2

What are the risk factors of SCC?

Answer 2

• Tobacco and alcohol
• mutation of enzymes which metabolise alcohol
• caustic injury
• previous radiaiton
• low socioeconomic status
• Poor oral hygeine
• Non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratodema
• Plummer Vinson syndroms

Question 3

Risk factors of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 3

• reflux diseases
• Barrets oesophagus
• Obesity
• Tobacco use
• previous radiation
• diet low in veg and fruit
• increased age
• males
• certain medications which relax the lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 4

What is the 10 year survival for oesophageal cancer?

Answer 4

• 12%