Oesophageal Cancers Flashcards
What are the two main types of oesophageal cancer?
SCC
Adenocarcinoma
Where in the world is SCC oesophageal cancer more typical?
The developing world
Where in the world is Adenocarcinoma oesophageal cancer more typical?
The developed world
Where in the oesophagus is SCC likely?
Middle and upper third of the oesophagus
Where in the oesophagus is adenocarcinoma likely?
lower third of oesophagus
What are the risk factors for oesophageal SCC?
Smoking, alcohol, low vitamin a, iron deficiency, chronic achalasia
What are the risk factors for oesophageal adenocarcinoma?
GORD, obesity, high dietary fat, barretts oesophagus
What are the clinical features of oesophageal cancer?
Dysphagia, Significant weight loss, odonyphagia and hoarseness, metastatic signs
What are the differential diagnosis for oesophageal cancer?
Anything that may cause dysphagia
What initial investigations would you do for suspected oesophageal cancer?
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (OGD), biopsy and histology
What further investigations would be done for suspected oesophageal cancer?
CT chest abdomen pelvis, PET-CT scan endoscopic ultrasound, staging laparoscopy, FNA of lymph nodes
What is the management for oesophageal cancer?
Palliative usually, but depends on the type, chemotherapy and resection however will take 6-9months to recover, nutrition is important
What is the main surgical management for oesophageal cancer?
oesophagectomy, where the tumour is removed and the top of the stomach is removed, and then made into a tube and replaces the oesophagus
What is the main palliative management for oesophageal cancer?
Oesophageal stent, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, nutritional support, radiologically inserted gastrostomy
What is the overall 5 year survival of oesophageal cancer?
5-10% but stage 1 is 60%
