Oedema Flashcards
What is oedema?
Accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the extra vascular compartment
What is peripheral oedema?
Increased interstitial fluid in tissues
What are effusions?
Collections of fluid in body cavities
What is transudate?
Alterations in the haemodynamic forces which act across the capillary wall
Cardiac failure, fluid overload
Low protein/albumin
Lots of H2O and electrolytes
Low specific gravity
What is exudate?
Part of inflammatory process
Tumour, inflammation, allergy
High protein/albumin content
H2O electrolytes
High spec gravity
What is the Pathophysiology of pulmonary oedema?
Transudate
LVF. Inc in left atrial pressure leading to passive flow to pulmonary veins, capillaries and arteries
Inc pulmonary vascular pressure
Inc in pulmonary BV
Inc in filtration and pulmonary oedema
In lungs
Perivascular and interstitial transudate
Progressive oedematous widening of alveolar septa
Accumulation of oedema fluid in alveolar spaces
What is the Pathophysiology of peripheral oedema?
Right heart failure
Blood retailed in systemic veins
P in capillaries -> poor filtration and peripheral oedema
Pathophysiology of lymphatic blockage
Lymphatic obstruction - hydrostatic pressure upset
Lymphatic drainage is required for normal flow
If lymphatic system blocked - you get lymphoedema
Fibrosis leads to dec outflow leads to oedema for example
What is the Pathophysiology of oedema in abnormal renal function
Results in salt and water retention
Secondary to HF
Results in odema
What is the Pathophysiology of low protein oedema
What is the Pathophysiology of permeability of oedema
Endothelial permeability - exudate
Damage to endothelial lining inc pores in the membrane pushing the osmotic reflection coefficient of endothelium towards zero
Happens during pneumonia
