Odour detection Flashcards

1
Q

semiochemicals

A

behaviour modifying chemicals

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2
Q

pheromones

A

Releaser - chemicals that induce immediate behaviour change

Primer- initiate developmental change but not behaviour change

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3
Q

Allelochemicals

A

Kairomones - favourable to receiver not emitter - co2
Allomones - favourable to emitter niot receiver - natural repellant
synomones - favourable to both emitter and receiver

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4
Q

Maxillary palp

A

comprised of 5 segments
primary Co2 sensing organ
also detect 1-octen-3-ol produced by humans and cattle

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5
Q

proboscis

A

tip of proboscis - labellum- detects odour

low volatile compounds for short range detection

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6
Q

Antenna

A

flagellum divided into 13 distinct flagellomeres (segments)
female antenna have chemosensilla on all flagellomeres
long range detection of volatile chemicals

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7
Q

Olfactory sensilla

A

all three appendages have porous olfactory sensilla

hair like projections

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8
Q

Odourant binding proteins (OBP)

A

binds to odour molecule and carries it across lymph to olfactory receptor neurone

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9
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

when odour molecule reaches dendrite it binds to an olfactory receptor
ORs activate signal transduction inside cell - leads to depolarisation of Olfactory receptor neurone which generates action potential

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10
Q

3 classes of chemosensory receptors in An. gambiae

A

Olfactory - odours from humans
ionotrophic - odours from humans
gustatory - phermones and Co2

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11
Q

Orco - co receptor

A

ORs need OR co -receptor for correct signalling to take place
found in antenna and mouthparts
candidate for genetic targeting in mosqs
mutants with no Orco don’t respond to human odour

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12
Q

Olfactory receptor neurones

A

sensitive to concentration
detect specific ratios of chemical within a mixture
facilitated by co-location of two ORNs in one sensillum- coincidence detection

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13
Q

Coincidence detection

A

2 chemicals produced by humans and one chemical produced by cows and plants
if two odours come in at same time know that it is human

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14
Q

Odour degrading enzymes

A

once the odour molecule and the OBP has bound to the OR, ODEs break down the odour molecule to halt stimulation of the receptor
if stop ODEs mosq. becomes confused

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