Odontogenesis: cellular and Molecular Flashcards
number of chromosomes in people
22 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes
Germ cells
Gametes (spermatozoa and ova)
what do gametes hold
1 chromosome from each pair of chromosomes
DNA that encodes a protein product
Gene
Genomic DNA is converted to mRNA in the nucleus
Transcription
mRNS serves as a template for making a protein out of amino acids in the cytoplasm
Translation
Different versions of the same gene
Allele
Genetic makeup of an individuals (what alleles do they carry)
Genotype
Observable characteristics from the genotype and envrionment
pHenotype
A change in nucleotide sequence of a gene
Mutuations
Mutation in germline is what
Heritable and passed to offspring
A hereditary disease that affects bones and teeth
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
what is mutatated in Osteogenesis Impoerfectta
COL1A1 (type I collagen)
what type of mutation is Osteogenesis imperfecta
Autosomal dominant
what is the result of an autosomal dominant mutation
1 mutant allele is enough to cause OI phenotype
Shows up in nearly every generation (50% of chance in offspring)
what kind of disease is Supernumerary incisor
Autosomal recessive
what is needed for autosomal recessive diseases to show in the phenotype
2 mutant alleles to change phenotype
how does Autosomal recessive diseases show
not every generation, as both parents need to at least be a carrier of the gene
the processes of a generalized cell become specialized for a job
Cell differentiation
what changes in cell differentiation
size, shape, products, activities, divisions
what is the product that initiates differentiation
induction
an agent that procides cell with a signal to differentiate
Inducer
what must a cell be to respond to an inducer
must be competent to receive the signal
the ability of a cell to receive and respond to a molecular signal
Competence