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oral histology > alveolar bone > Flashcards

alveolar bone Flashcards

1
Q

types of bone

A

Cortical (compact) bone

Trabecular (cancellous/ spongy) bone

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2
Q

what else is included in bone besides the actual bone

A

periosteum(outside)
endosteum (inside)
neurovascular supply
Marrow space

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3
Q

the secondary osteon

A

The haversion system (main functional unit of cortical bone)

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4
Q

the wall of the haversion system

A

concentric lamellae

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5
Q

the central canal of the haversion system

A

haversian canal with nerve and blood supply

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6
Q

main cell of the haversion system

A

osteocyte

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7
Q

separation between osteons

A

Interstitial lamellae

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8
Q

connection between osteons

A

Volkmann’s canals

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9
Q

the circular layers of each osteon

A

Concentric lamellae

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10
Q

lamellae that run parallel to the bone near its surface

A

Circumferential lamelae

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11
Q

fills the space between osteons

A

Interstitial lamella

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12
Q

where osteocytes reisde

A

lacunae

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13
Q

connect lacunae

A

canaliculi

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14
Q

inorganic matrix of bone

A

Hydroxyapaties (2/3 of bone)

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15
Q

organic matrix of bone

A

1/3 of bone
80% collagen
mucopolysaccharides
non-collagenous proteins

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16
Q

lineage for bone cells

A

Mesenchymal stem cells

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17
Q

dvelopement of bone cells

A 
Mesenchymal stem cells
Osteoprogenitor
pre-osteoblasts
osteoblast
osteocyte and lining cell
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18
Q

what is the lineage for OSteoclasts

A

Haematopoietic stem cells

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19
Q

development of osteoclasts

A 
Hematopoietic stem cells
Multipotenet progenitor
common myleoid progenior
GMP
monoctes
Osteoclasts
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20
Q

other names for mesenchymal stem cells in the past

A

colony-forming firboblastss (CFU-F)

Marrow stromal cells

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21
Q

what can Mesenchyme stem cells become

A

Potential to differentiate into multiple cell types

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22
Q

Morphological features of mesenchymal stem cells

A

Small cell body

few cell processes

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23
Q

how can we get Mesenchymal stem cells

A

From bone marrow aspiration

then isolated to expansion

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24
Q

How can we confirm that its mesenchymal stem cells that we have

A

Expression of MSC markers (CD44, CD105) but not hematopoietic stem cell markers (CD45 and CD11b)
also: ability of osteogeneic, chondrogenic, and adiogenic differentiation

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25
Q

How can we tell a difference between mandibular and tibial bone marrow MSC’s

A

proliferarion (higher in mandible
Micro-array
real time PCR(higher fold change in Mandibule)

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26
Q

what is MSC’s important for mandibular bone regeneration

A

Mandibular sitraction osteogenesis leads is much smaller using Bone marrow stem cells than contol both verticle and horizontally

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27
Q

Classic mechanism for bone regrowth using mSC

A

Empower local bone regeneration by providing a large source of MSC and growth factors hense bossting or bypassing the slow MSC recruitment process

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28
Q

steps of Classical mech for MSC transplantation for bone formation

A 
MSC transplantation
Nutrients, O2, and others growth facros
MSC survival and proliferation
Cytokines growth factors and cells
MSC differentiation into osteoblasts
Cytolines, calcium and phosphorus
new bone formation
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29
Q

location of osteoblasts

A

Bone surface

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30
Q

Morpholoy of osteoblasts

A

Cuboidal

Mononucleated

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31
Q

staining of osteoblasts

A

HE shows basophilic cytoplasm due to large quantity of RER

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32
Q

Major function of osteoblasts

A

Synth and secrete ECM

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33
Q

what does osteoblasts secrete

A

Collagen type I, III, V
Glycoproteins (Alkaline, phosphatase, Osteonectin)
Glycoaminoglycan-containing proteins ( Aggrecan, Versican, Decorin, Biglycan, Hyaluran)
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE):
RGD-containing glycoproteins (Thrombospondis, Fibronectin, Vitronectin, Fibrillin 1 and 2)
Small insulin-binding N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING): (Osteopontin, Bone sialoproteins)
gamma-Carboxy glutamic acid containing proteins:(Matrix Gla protein, Osteocalcin)

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34
Q

what features show the osteoblasts are very metabolically active

A

SIBLING

MEPE

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35
Q

what allows for matrix mineralization

A 
TNAP
NPP1
NTP
ANK
BSP
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36
Q

TNAP

A

Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatas

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37
Q

NPP1

A

Nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase

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38
Q

NTP

A

nuceloside triphosphates

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39
Q

ANK

A

Ankylosis protein

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40
Q

BSP

A

Bone sialoprotein

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41
Q

what does NTP turn into

A

PC-1 gives PPi

TNAP gives Pi

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42
Q

what turns PP into Pi

A

TNAP

43
Q

Calcium and Phosphorus reach what concentration in vesciles

A

Reach high concetrations without being saturated

44
Q

what system regulates osteoclasts

A

The OPG/RANKL/ RANK system via Molecular interactions

45
Q

Roll of RANKL

A

stimulate osteoblast differentation and maturation

46
Q

roll of OPG

A

Binds to RANKL and indirctly inhibits osteoclast differentation

47
Q

roll of osteocytes

A

Bone maintaining

48
Q

how do osteocytes form

A

Derived from osteoblasts when buring in the matrix

49
Q

location of osteocytes

A

In lacunae inside the matrix

50
Q

commonness of osteocytes

A

Most abundant cel type in bone

51
Q

morphology of osteocytes

A

Mononucleated

Multiple dentricitic processes

52
Q

function of osteocytes

A

REgulate osteblasts and osteoclasts through cell process

Maintain bone vitality and function

53
Q

what can OSteocytes sense

A

MEchanical loading via fluid flow leading to compression

54
Q

what happens when osteocytes sense loading

A

regulate bone formation/resportpion mainly through the sclerostin OPG/RNAKL system

55
Q

what is only expressed in osteocytes not in any other bone cells

A

Sclerostin

56
Q

how does Sclerostin work

A

inhibits the WNT pathway leading to decreased bone formation (less Sclerostin leads to increased bone)

57
Q

morphology of osteoclasts

A

LArgest of all bone cell types
multinucleated
lots of mitochondria
vesicles of acid phosphatase

58
Q

LOcation of Osteoclasts

A

Located on bone surface (Howship’s lacunae)

59
Q

what does the cytoplasm of OSteoclasts possitive to

A

Tartrate restistant acid phosphatas

60
Q

zones of osteoclasts

A

Sealing zone

Ruffled border

61
Q

Roll of the sealing zone of osteoclasts

A

attachment and sealing

62
Q

Roll of the ruffled border of osteoclasts

A 
Pump H+ for demineralization
release enzymes (for organic matrix degratdation)
63
Q

function of osteoclasts

A

Demineralizes bone
Degrade organic matrix
endocytosis of degraded products

64
Q

what are bone lining cells

A

Inactive osteoblasts

65
Q

morpholgy of bone lining cells

A

Flattened spindle shape
ovoid mono-nucleus
Few organelles

66
Q

location of bone lining cells

A

on bone surface

67
Q

function of bone lining cells

A

uncertain
Induced to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts
involved in smooothening osteoclasts lacunae

68
Q

2 processes from bone formation

A

Endochondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification

69
Q

when bone forms from cartialge first

A

Endochondral ossification

70
Q

when bone forms directly from periosteum

A

Intramembranous ossification

71
Q

what is sutural bone formation

A

special intramembranous process through a sutural matrix

72
Q

Modeling

A

change of overall bone size, shape

bone formation and resorption at different location

73
Q

Remodeling

A

replacment of existing bone

bone formation and resporption at the same location but at different times

74
Q

Typical remodeling cycle

A 
activation
resorption
reversal
formation
resting
activation
75
Q

what kind of osteon is important for cortical bone remodelling

A

Secondary osteons

76
Q

where does ttraceular bone remodelling start

A

at bone surfaces

77
Q

cycle dduration length of formation vs resorption for bone remodeling

A

Formation greater than resorption

78
Q

remodeling rate of children vs adults

A

greater in children

79
Q

remodeling rate in trbecular vs crotical bone

A

greater in trabecular

80
Q

what leads to osteoporosis

A

Unbalanced formation and resorption leading to a net bone loss

81
Q

REgulation of bone remodling

A

Multiple factors (gene, hormone, mech loading, metabolism…)

82
Q

how are alveolar and basal bones separate

A

are continous

83
Q

where is trabecular bone in the alveolar bone

A

only presented in the apical 1/3 of the alveolar processor under the alveolar crest in the interdental area

84
Q

layers of the interdental septum froma mesial distal section

A

2 layers (bundle bone and supporting bone

85
Q

what layer does sharpey’s fibers insert into

A

Bundle bone

86
Q

what is the cement line

A

Bundle bone supporting bone borderline

87
Q

CElls between sharpey’s fibers

A

Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitors
Vascular cells

88
Q

Cells on the bone surface

A

Osteoblasts

Bone lining cells

89
Q

tissue orgin of long bones and craniofacial bones

A

Embryonically differny

90
Q

What does JAw bone mesenchym come from

A

Neural crest (1st branchial arch) and mesoderm

91
Q

IMportance of tooth eruption and the alveolar process

A

Postnatal growth needs the teeth

92
Q

when does modeling of the alveolar bone take place

A

furing bone growth

93
Q

how does bone formation occur in the alveolar bone

A

vertically at crests along with tooth eruption

transversely at buccal surface and lingual bundle bone along with buccal expansion

94
Q

how does Bone resportion occur in the alveolar bone

A

Lingual surface and buccal bundle bone

95
Q

risk factors for alveolar bone loss

A 
Periodontal disease
Tooth loss
Pathology
systemic disease
side efect of med
trauma, parafunction, excessive orthodontic force
96
Q

techniques for alveolar bone preservation/augmentation

A 
guided one regenration with bioabsorbable membranes
bovide derived bone graft
mineralized human allograft
bioactive glass material
synthetic alloplast
autogenous bone graft
decoronation and submergence of roots
immediate implants
ortho tooth movement
distraction osteogenesis
stem cell assisted treatment
97
Q

what does tooth movement do to the alveolar bone

A

a modeling process of the alveolar bone

98
Q

what happens to the intedetnal septum duing tooth movemnt

A

Due to resorption on one side and formation on the other, not removed

99
Q

what happens to PDL fibers during ortho tooth movement

A

PDL fiber attachment adpats to bone modeling

100
Q

what happens to the PDL fibers on the bone resorption side

A

detachment with eventual attachment reconstituation

101
Q

what happens to the PDL fibers on the bone formation side

A

Thickening of bundle bone

remodeling of bundle bone from the endosteum (opposite die of the PDL

102
Q

source of OSteoclast on the resorption side of the boe during tooth movement

A

Normally not present in the pDL

recruited from blood flow (light pressure) or bone marrow of the adhacent alveolar prcess (heavy pressure)

103
Q

sources of osteoblasts on the formation side of tooth movement

A

OSteblasts already present atbone surface
MSCs in the PDL
MSCs in the bone marrow
bone lining cells

oral histology (14 decks)

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