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Statistics Of Case Studies > Odisha Coast - Coast > Flashcards

Odisha Coast - Coast Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Odisha

A

East coast

Bordering the Bay of Bengal

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2
Q

Shape of the coastline

A

Straight (480km) with few natural inlets or harbours

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3
Q

Where is most of the states population

A

On the Odisha coastal plain

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4
Q

What wide variety of Maine and coastal flora and fauna are in the coastal zone

A 
Mangroves
Sea grasses
Salt marshes
Sand dunes
Estuaries
Lagoons
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5
Q

How much mangrove is there

A

1435km

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6
Q

What are the three main features

A

Chilika Lake
Mahandi Delta
Bhitarkanita mangroves

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7
Q

How many types of birds are in the bird sanctuary of Chilika Lake

A

150 migratory and resident species (attracts tourists who also visits the beach)

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8
Q

What does the coast represent

A

A significant sediment store and is a source and sink of sediment for this part of the Bay of Bengal

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9
Q

What do rivers provide

A

Important transfers of sediment into the region in forming deltaic deposits

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10
Q

What is Chilika Lake classed as

A

A salty lagoon

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11
Q

What are there large stocks of in Chilika Lake

A

Fish and Olive Ridley turtles

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12
Q

What are many local people employed in

A

Coastal fishing and increasingly in aquaculture such as shrimps

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13
Q

What is the geology along the coast

A

Sediment contains valuable minerals, including clay and limestone in the north state which is used by local industies

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14
Q

What are there opportunities for in Odisha

A

Offshore oil and natural gas and the area has a huge potential for offshore wind, tidal and wave power

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15
Q

Why has rates of erosion increased in recent decades

A

As a result of natural processes and a consequence of human intervention

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16
Q

What is the Indian government concerned about

A

Vulnerability of coastal populations to storm surges and tsunamis and long-term threats of climate change and sea levels rise

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17
Q

What is the coastal considered to be

A

A dynamic environment

18
Q

How do natural seasonal variations occur

A

In summer: build up of sediment along beaches, dunes and barrier beaches during low energy wave conditions.

In winter: erosion with high energy destructive waves depositing sediment offshore.

19
Q

Who carried out the 2011 Shoreline Change Assessmnent

A

Ministry of Environment and Forests

20
Q

What did the 2011 Shoreline Change Assessnwbt conclude

A

That any attempt to halt the natural processes with hard engineering structures was likely to only shift the problems elsewhere

21
Q

How much of the coastline was found to be stable by the 2011 Shoreline Change Assessment

A

14.4%

22
Q

What does the unstable coastline mean

A

That any human intervention is likely to interfere with sediment transfers and result in severe erosion in some localities

23
Q

What is the Odisha coast at risk from

A

Tropical cyclones and storm surges - it is likely that the frequency and intensity of such storms will increase as a result of climate change

24
Q

Examples of cyclones

A

1999 Odisha Cyclone

2013 Cyclone Phallin

25
Q

What was the strongest Cyclone ever recorded in the northern Indian Ocean

A

Odisha Cyclone

26
Q

How many people did the Odisha Cyclone kill

A

1000

27
Q

How much agricultural land was lost during the Cyclone Phallin

A

500,000ha

28
Q

During Cyclone Phallin how did Chilika Lake suffer

A

It suffered a storm surge that destroyed thousands of mangroves

29
Q

Why are plans in place along the coastline

A

To mitigate the effects of tropical storms

30
Q

Before Cyclone Odisha how many people were evacuated

A

1 million

31
Q

What are the human responses to the challenges

A

Evacuation.
Relief supplies provided before storms.
Warnings are broadcast to most vulnerable areas.
Local people also show considerable resilience in their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
Additional cyclone shelters have been built to offer greater protection to local communities.

32
Q

What was the response to the 2011 Shoreline Change Assessment

A

Developed an ICZM project to coordinate the activities of various stakeholders and promote sustainable use of coasts resources while maintains the natural environment.

33
Q

What do the stakeholders in Odisha include

A

State and local government.
Tourist department.
The world Bank.
Handicraft industies.

34
Q

What was the aims of Odisha ICZM

A

Protect the coastal environment.
Resource environmental, social and economic challenges and conflicts.
Establish sustainable levels of economic and social activity, including fishing and the development of ecotourism.

35
Q

What has there been a wide range of consultations from

A

Public consultations and inter-organisational consultations

36
Q

What two NGOs are there working towards resilience, mitigation and adaption of the coast

A

Greenpeace India

Wetlands International

37
Q

What has Greenpeace India been involved in

A

Meetings about income generation and the management of marine resources

38
Q

Who is the Wetlands International working with

A

The Indian government and local villagers

39
Q

What is Wetlands International trying to do

A

Reverse decades of mangrove destruction in the Mahandi delta.
Work with villagers to cultivate and plant mangroves along the coastline and on the banks of tidal rivers.

40
Q

Why is the Mahandi Delta important

A

It is an important ecological zone that provides natural habitats for a wide variety of wildlife

41
Q

What do Mangroves provide

A

Protective belts that shelter villages from the worst effects of tropical storms.

42
Q

What is planting mangroves with locals an example of

A

Sustainable and appropriate coastal management

Statistics Of Case Studies (12 decks)

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