Haysham And Morecambe - Coastal Defence Flashcards
What four defence options does Lancashire Country Council have
Hold the Line
Do nothing but monitor
Retreat the Line
Advance the line
How long is the coastline
8.5jm
What are the current defences a result of
A comprehensive improvement scheme of the existing structures during a seven-phase programme between 1980-2007 costing £28 million.
What did the seven-phase programme include
A mix of contemporary methods to improve the potential for sustainable management
Which 2 defence options are used along the coast
Do Nothing
Hold the Line
Where is the strategy of doing nothing used
On the Sandstone cliffs of Haysham head - site of historical and ecological importance
What is Hold the Line used to protect
Heysham nucleus power station at Heysham point.
Residential areas including caravan parks.
Town centre including traditional seaside resort facilities.
Hotels.
Promenade.
What hard engineering strategies are used
Rock armour Rock groynes Traditional received sea wall Gabions Concrete revetments
How is rock armour used to protect the existing sea wall
Boulders of locally sourced limestone places along the majority of the existing promenade and sea walls from the western end of the promenade to about one kilometre each or the town centre.
How many tonnes of rock armour was installed
436,000
How were rock groynes used to protect the coast
Around 10 breakwaters and rock groynes were built at intervals in front of the town. These include a number of fish-rail breakwaters.
How many tonnes of locally sourced limestone boulders were used in the rock groynes
Just under a million
How was a traditional recurved sea wall used to protect the coast
Much of the length of the promenade in front of both heysham and morecambe had existing traditional recurved concrete sea walls. In places these were repaired and reinforced.
Why were the recurved sea walls repaired and reinforced in 2015
Because it was a project of further improvements
How were gabions used as a coastal defence
Over 500 cages, measuring 2 x 1 x 1, filled with small limestone boulders were used in various locations to reinforce the coast
How were concrete revetments used to protect the coast
To the West of Heysham Head, extending to the port and power station, the existing sea wall and large concrete revetments were repaired and left in place
What were the 2 soft engineering used
Beach formation
Beach nourishment
How did Beach formation reinforce hard defences
Location of break waters and groynes means there is an encouragement of beach formation
How was beach nourishment used to protect the coast
89,000 tonnes of sand, 19,000 tonnes of shingle used between Heysham and the eastern end of the promenade
Although a range of traditional hard engineering strategies were implemented, how were they designed
To be sympathetic to Morecambe Bay’s classification as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and aimed to support the sustainable development of the shoreline
Example of a strategy being sustainable and being sympathetic to Morecambe classification
The local sourcing of limestone for the rock armour and rock groynes meant that it was of the same geological origin as the rocks of the coastline - most of the quarries were less than 10km away so reduced the carbon footprint of its transpiration
What is Morecambe Bay’s classification
A Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation
